南方的南方：夏曼‧藍波安的台灣原住民華文文學及其書寫策略的文化轉型

Southern South: Syaman Rapongan’s Taiwan Indigenous Sinophone Literature and the Cultural Transformation of His Writing Strategies

本文從全球南方框架思索南方華文文學的發展路向，並以台灣達悟族作家夏曼‧ 藍波安的原住民華文文學為研究對象，分析其中的文化轉型與游牧屬性，以重新思考其華文書寫的定位和華文的世界性。夏曼‧ 藍波安對南方的複雜態度，反映出以華文翻譯南島海洋文化認同乃其海洋殖民島嶼文學的重要命題，更因此自期成為世界島嶼作家。本文首先針對夏曼‧ 藍波安書寫策略上的文化轉型，指出敘事語言和身份認同上的轉化成就他獨特的說話者位置，而其說話的對象亦隨之而產生變化。文章之後分析夏曼‧ 藍波安筆下的「島嶼符碼」如何及為何能夠和台灣華文文學協商，透過探問其華文創作的南方轉向，了解以海洋為中心、為家國的游牧特質。本文認為，身為海洋民族的夏曼‧ 藍波安以流動的海洋視角補充目前的南方華文文學論述，使之不囿於以華人為主的華文文學場域，並且積極關注南島語族的處境，展現「南方的南方」的弱勢結盟力量，以此朝向「南方－群島－世界」的認知進路。

This article investigates the potential path of a southern Sinophone literature under the framework of the Global South. Taking Taiwan Tao writer Syaman Rapongan’s indigenous Sinophone literature as an example, this article rethinks the positionality and worldliness of the Sinoscript by analyzing the cultural transformation and nomadic character of his writing. Syaman Rapongan’s self-expectation to become an archipelago writer is based on his complicated feelings about the South; such attitude helps him put forth an important statement of the Austronesian marine cultural identity that gets translated in his oceanic colonial island literature. This article illustrates how the transformation of both his narrative language and cultural identity projects a unique position of enunciation that targets a broader audience. By inquiring about his southern turn, this article then analyzes how and why the “semiotics of island” in his writing can negotiate with Taiwan Sinophone literature, demonstrating a nomadism that takes the ocean as nation. As a member of the Sea Peoples, Syaman Rapongan, through his writing, can broaden the current southern Sinophone literature discourses and reveal the power of minority alliance by spotlighting the situation of Austronesian peoples, so as to develop a cognitive path of “South-Archipelago-World.”