女性運動員是否有較高運動傷害發生率？──重思運動傷害防護策略

Do female athletes have a higher rate of sports injuries? Reconsideration of sports injury prevention strategy

隨著女性運動參與者逐年上升，女性運動防護的關注度越來越高，然而過往大部分運動科學和運動醫學研究大都圍繞男性展開，因此性別因素可能產生的不同影響則較少被討論。探討女性是否更容易發生運動傷害，要從運動員生理性別(sex)和社會性別(gender)的差異來進行探討。本文透過回顧男、女運動員運動傷害發生率的流行病學數據，發現總體而言，男、女運動員運動傷害發生率沒有差異，但在個別運動項目中，如游泳、水球等，運動傷害發生率有性別差異；而針對常見的運動傷害類型來看，例如前十字韌帶損傷、骨應力性損傷、腦震盪等，女性運動員則有更高的傷害發生率；當前運動防護工作或從事相關研究的挑戰為，女性運動科學和運動醫學的研究數量較少和社會性別因素不受重視；最後，根據風險是否可調控的特性來對運動傷害風險因子進行分類，並使用結合生理性別和社會性別為考量的運動傷害處理模型來進行統整。

With the increase of female sports participants, the attention to female sports protection is getting higher and higher. However, most past sports science and sports medicine research has emphasized men, so the possible different effects of gender factors are less discussed. To explore whether women are more prone to sports injuries, we should start with the differences between men and women, which include biological sex (sex) and social sex (gender). This article reviewed epidemiological data on the incidence of sports injuries in male and female athletes and found that overall, there was no difference in the incidence of sports injuries between male and female athletes. However, when looking at specific sports, such as swimming, and water polo, there were sex differences in the incidence of sports injuries. For common sports injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament injuries, stress fractures, and concussions, female athletes had a higher incidence of injury. The current challenges in sports injury prevention work or related research include the lack of research in women's sports science and sports medicine and the disregard of social gender factors. Finally, a classification of sports injury risk factors based on the risk modification and sports injury prevention models incorporating sex and gender considerations are recommended for future practice.