《莊子》「無情論」的雙重面向及其治療學的義涵

The Dual Aspects of Zhuangzi’s ‘Theory of Affectionlessness’ and its Therapeutical Implications

Martha C. Nussbaum曾研究古希臘羅馬哲學，認為哲學是「慾望的治療」，從這個觀點看，我們可以思考：《莊子》的論述是否可以作為一種治療學，而給出新的詮釋？研究《莊子》情感議題多以「實情」解讀，從而與形上學、修養論聯繫，卻甚少從治療學的視角，探析《莊子》觀點對當代心理治療的意義。本文即嘗試從治療學的視角，探析《莊子》情感論述的結構，並著重闡明其在治療人之情感困境的義涵，並分別就文本的疏釋，分析「無情論」的雙重面向，追問其核心觀念的治療學義涵，再進而與當代心理治療對照，以歸結出《莊子》工夫論述在其情感治療上的可能詮釋。本文分為四段：一是概念釐清與問題定位，二是文本分析，三是對《莊子》之治療學的追問，四是在當代心理治療視角下，《莊子》的治療學意義。

Martha C. Nussbaum has studied ancient Greek and Roman philosophy and argued that philosophy is the 'therapy of desire'. The study of Zhuangzi's affectional issues is often interpreted in terms of 'fact', thus linking it to metaphysics and cultivation theory, but the significance of Zhuangzi's views on contemporary psychotherapy is rarely explored from a therapeutic perspective. This paper attempts to explore the structure of Zhuangzi's discourse on affections from a therapeutic perspective, with an emphasis on its implications for the treatment of human affectional dilemmas. It also analyses the dual aspects of the ‘theory of affectionlessness’ in relation to the interpretation of the text, and asks about the therapeutic implications of its core concepts, and then contrasts them with contemporary psychotherapy in order to draw out possible interpretations of Zhuangzi's Gong-fu discourse in relation to its treatment of emotions.
The paper is divided into four sections: firstly, conceptual clarification and problem orientation; secondly, textual analysis; thirdly, the pursuit of the therapeutic meaning of Zhuangzi; and fourthly, the therapeutic meaning of Zhuangzi in the context of contemporary psychotherapy.