兩岸法制觀點下之國家賠償保險代位請求權

The State Compensation Insurance Subrogation Claim based on the Both Sides of the Strait’s Legal System Perspective

國家賠償保險代位請求權，臺灣地區國家賠償法素有第5條適用之民法是否包含保險法，決定國家賠償保險代位請求權適用的爭議；大陸地區則將公共設施設置或者管理瑕疵致生損害交由民法調整而有適用，且不至於發生爭議，公務員違法造成人民損害的，民法通則第121條被刪除後缺少法源依據。據此，經由兩岸實務分析，臺灣地區國家賠償法第5條之民法範圍，大陸地區民法通則第121條存在與否，不能阻卻國家賠償保險代位請求權成立，為實現正義要求，兩岸保險法應當無差別地支持保險人國家賠償保險代位請求權。縱然因為公權力行使而認為必須由國家賠償法作出規定，那麼在當前兩岸國家賠償法都未作規定的情形下，亦應類推適用保險法保險代位之規定以保護保險人之權利。

As for the subrogation claim of state compensation insurance, whether the civil law applicable to Art. 5of the State Compensation Law in Taiwan includes the insurance law determines the dispute over the application of it; In the Chinese Mainland, the damage caused by the defects in the installation or management of public facilities is subject to the adjustment of the civil law, and it is not likely to cause disputes. If civil servants cause damage to the people in violation of the law, Art. 121 of the general principles of the civil law is deleted and lacks legal basis. Therefore, based on the analysis of the practice on both sides of the Strait, the existence or absence of Art. 5of Taiwan’s State Compensation Law and Art. 121 of the general principles of civil law on the Chinese Mainland cannot prevent the establishment of the subrogation claim of state compensation insurance. For realizing the just requirements, the insurance laws on both sides of the Strait should support the insurer’s subrogation claim of state compensation insurance without discrimination. Even if it is thought that the state compensation law must provide for the exercise of public power, under the circumstances that the current state compensation laws on both sides of the Strait do not provide for it, the provisions of insurance subrogation in the insurance laws should also be applied by analogy to protect the rights of the insurer.