人名權威紀錄與識別符的發展

Development of Personal Name Authority Records and Identifiers

姓名消除歧異是資訊組織工作重點之一，傳統館藏目錄進行人名權威控制時，館員會用特定文字格式形成唯一標目，代表個人實體，以識別一人多名，或利用限定符方式說明多人同名，協助使用者識別個人實體。隨著館藏種類日趨多元，人名權威控制在識別個人實體有其侷限。而識別符體系隨著網路成熟日益發展，圖書館開始評估納入身分管理來識別個人實體。身分管理強調以註冊的識別符關聯單一個人實體，同一物件亦可運用不同系統的識別符關聯，可以有效幫助使用者識別個人實體及其所有著作。本文將簡述與比較圖書館人名權威現況與身分管理，接著介紹機讀格式應用識別符之情形，以及另外三種識別符：ISNI（International Standard Name Identifier）、ORCID（Open Researcher and Contributor ID）、Wikidata，以供圖書館同道了解。

The library catalog uses authority control to gather topics and works relevant to the search query for improving the accuracy and completeness rate of retrieval results. The personal name is often faced with the situation where one person has more than one names or many people have common names. The library uses personal name authority control to help users identify each person entity. With the advent of the Internet generation, users not only search library catalog but also expand their search target to thesis, periodicals or institutional collections. Libraries try to use identity management on personal name authority control - using identifiers to gather all the works of a specific author. This article starts from personal name authority control and identity management including comparing of both. Then introduce the development and application of three types of identifiers, including ISNI (International Standard Name Identifier), ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID), and Wikidata.