海德格早期神學觀的文本考察與主題探究

Text-Immanent Interpretation and Thematic Investigation of Heidegger’s Early Notion of Theology

本文探討海德格早期的神學觀。海德格在1927/28年的演講「現象學與神學」中主張，神學乃信仰的科學。海德格認為，「信仰」和「基督徒生活／生命」是神學研究的重要課題。透過詮釋聖保羅書信，海德格探詢基督徒生活／生命的結構。本文首先聚焦於此結構之三個彼此相互滲透的要素，它們構成了基督徒生活／生命的時間性。接著，本文探索神學作為信仰之科學的內涵。海德格的創新在於將信仰看作「一種存在的方式」。因此，作為一門信仰的科學，神學必定涉及「存在」。準確地說，神學離不開基督徒式的生活。信仰乃是基督徒的生活方式，是神學研究的前提與必要條件。而神學的科學性，亦是由信仰來界定。海德格對於神學的理解，開啟了聯繫神學與哲學的可能性。

This paper aims to examine and reflect on Heidegger’s early notion of theology. As made clear in his 1927/28 lecture “Phenomenology and Theology,” Heidegger takes theology as the science of faith. According to Heidegger, faith and Christian life are essential issues for theological investigation. Heidegger inquires into the structure of Christian life through interpreting St. Paul’s letters. Based on his inquiry, I highlight three intertwined features of this structure, which constitute the temporality of Christian life. The novelty of Heidegger’s conception of faith is that he views faith as “a way of existence.” Thus, theology as the science of faith has to do with existence, or more precisely, with Christian way of living. Faith as leading a Christian life is the requirement and presupposition of theology. The scientificity of theology is determined by faith. Heidegger conceives of theology in such a way that opens a possibility to relate theology and philosophy.