「日佔廣東」時期女性活動與殖民地臺灣的助力

Women’s Activities and the Role of Colonial Taiwan during the Japanese Occupation of Guangdong

本文探討「日佔廣東」期間，日方策畫的各種女性活動，與殖民地臺灣的人力支援，從中析理兩者的關聯性及其特色。1938年日軍攻佔廣州後，徵召臺灣的相關人才前往當地，進行一系列的社會掌控，其中涉及華南文化協會的教師培訓、博愛會醫院的護士培育、廣東共榮會的文化宣傳活動。以共榮會主事人井上正男為例，他在推展文化業務的同時，兼辦女子教化活動。換句話說，日治臺灣的女子教化，不僅是戰時臺灣的婦女動員，更透過殖民地的境外活動，意圖把殖民臺灣的經驗，用來對廣東佔領地女性的教化及號召，包括女子宣撫活動、女學生負笈臺灣、對臺灣女子教育的實地視察，以及看護婦的防疫措施。

This article focuses on the features of and relationship between the various women’s activities carried out by the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces and Taiwan under Japanese rule, namely as a facilitator by sending labor power, during the Japanese occupation of Guangdong (1938-1945). During the Second Sino-Japanese War, after the Japanese occupied Guangzhou on October 21, 1938, the Government-General of Taiwan immediately appointed various commissioners to provide support and implement a series of social control measures. Masao Inoue井上正男, retired principal of Hualien Port Girls’Middle School花蓮港高等女學校, for example, moved from Taiwan to Guangzhou in 1939 to serve as the principal of the Guangdong Co-Prosperity Association廣東共榮會. There he engaged in cultural propaganda and organized civilizing activities for women, evidenced by incorporating concepts of“female virtue,”namely supporting of the war effort under the guise of being“good wives and loving mothers,”when teaching local women Japanese. In other words, women’s civilizing processes in colonial Taiwan were not only the direct mobilization of Taiwanese women during the war, but also attempts by institutions stationed in Guangzhou to apply the experiences of Taiwan to likewise civilize and mobilize local women. This included women’s propaganda activities, female students going to Taiwan to study, on-site inspections of women’s education in Taiwan, and even the epidemic prevention measures of Guangdong Hakuai Hospital廣東博愛會醫院. Through the above, we can further explore how Japan reflected a“colonial experience”on the women of Guangzhou, compelling them to stand up as supporters of the Japanese military.