文本判定與思想解析：論出土文獻中的兵陰陽

The Classification and Interpretation of Ancient Manuscripts: On the Excavated Yin-yang Martial Texts

由於兵陰陽文獻自東漢後就已亡佚，後人難以一窺其旨。幸運的是，近年來出土了大量陰陽五行、數術以及兵法相關的古佚書，為兵陰陽研究帶來了一線曙光。已有學者指出，銀雀山《地典》與張家山《蓋廬》兩篇可歸類為兵陰陽。有別於前人的分類方式，本文提出應以《漢書‧藝文志》所述的兵陰陽特徵作為判定兵陰陽思想的內涵與外延標準，重新對出土文獻進行分類。
本文發現，除了《地典》、《蓋廬》外，銀雀山《天地八風五行客主五音之居》；《孫子兵法》〈黃帝伐赤帝〉、〈地形二〉；《孫臏兵法》〈月戰〉、〈地葆〉；馬王堆《刑德》甲、乙、丙篇，以及北大簡《節》，亦可歸類為兵陰陽文獻。本文將說明上述文獻可歸類為兵陰陽的理由，並剖析兵陰陽思想的內容與樣貌。

The yin-yang martial texts were unknown to the world since the original manuscripts had been long-lost after the Eastern Han dynasty. Fortunately, a large number of ancient manuscripts pertaining to the yin-yang martial rationale, including the yin-yang Wuxing, shushu (numbers and techniques) and the art of war, were unearthed in recent years. The scholarship of yin-yang martial rationale, hence, becomes a plausible and productive field of research. Some researchers have argued that among the excavated texts, Didian from Yinqueshan and Gailu from Zhangjiashan belong to the category of yin-yang martial text. Different from the preceding means of classification, this study proposes to examine the unearthed texts based on the characteristics of yin-yang martial stance in Hanshu Yiwenzi. By scrutinizing the intension and extension of the idea of yin-yang martial perspective, this essay aims to re-categorize the unearthed texts.
This paper discovers that, in addition to Didian and Gailu, several excavated texts—including Tiandibafeng wuxing kezhuwuyinzhi ju from Yinqueshan, “Huangdi fa Chidi” and “Dixing er” in Sunzi’s Art of War, “Yuezhan” and “Dibao” in Sunbin’s Art of War, the three versions of Mawangdui Xingde (jia, yi, bing), and “Jie” in Beida Hanjian—can be justifiably labeled as yin-yang martial texts. As such, this essay substantiates the reasons for the above classification and further analyzes the concept and contour of yin-yang martial rationale.