日治時期土木建設會社清水組的在臺發展（1899-1945）

Development of Shimizu Gumi in Taiwan under Japanese Rule (1899-1945)

「產、官合作」展開殖民地各項事業，為殖民地史研究重要的一環。清水組在日本國內以建築工程為主，其技術、專業深獲官方信任，但事業重心放在民間企業。日治初期，臺灣推動許多土木建設工程，日本土木建設會社陸續來臺。初期土木工程較多，以建築為主的清水組在臺發展不積極，工程不多，也沒有開設出張所，多為軍方工程為此時期特徵。1930年8月，清水組在臺重設出張所，這也是本店面對不景氣時期的積極作為。1932年2月，土井豐吉奉派來臺擔任出張所主任，1936年2月出張所升格為支店。不同於初期（1899-1928）軍方為主要業主，後期擴及總督府中央、地方官廳及民間業界，工程種類趨於多元。面臨戰爭時期，臺灣支店同本店，配合國策、靠攏軍方，推動南進，規模、工程量迅速擴大1939年2月設置廣東出張所、1943年2月設置香港出張所，除了參與工程，甚至參加作戰。在南進政策推動下，支店成為企業南進及軍方戰術展開之重要後盾。支店為配合總督府工業化政策與日本帝國南進政策，高雄地區、南方地區、花蓮港地區成為重點區域，工業化的代表性會社多是支店的重要業主，展現其在工業化上的貢獻。再者，支店對高雄的發展以及日軍、臺灣軍在南臺灣的布局，亦扮演重要角色。1943年臺灣支店建築落成後，更展現積極配合軍方行動與深耕臺灣之意志。配合軍方侵略擴大，外地工程隨之擴大。

Shimizu Gumi was a civil construction company in Japan with construction skills and expertise deeply trusted by the government, though its business clients were mainly private enterprises. Under early Japanese rule, Taiwan promoted many civil construction projects, and construction companies in Japan came to Taiwan one after another. Most of the early projects involved civil engineering; hence, the construction-centered Shimizu Gumi was not actively developing in Taiwan. Neither did it undertake many projects nor open any branch office; and the projects it undertook were mostly for the military. In August 1930, Shimizu Gumi, in the face of recession, took action to establish a temporary branch office in Taiwan. In February 1932, Toyokichi Doi was sent to Taiwan to serve as director of the temporary branch office, which was upgraded as an official branch in February 1936. During this time, in addition to the military, Taiwan’s central government, local government offices and private industries became its clients, and the types of projects it undertook became more diversified. Following the outbreak of war, the Taiwan branch, like the head office, supported the national policy and sided with the military in promoting southward expansion. The scale of the branch thus expanded rapidly, and the amount of projects undertaken increased greatly. In 1943, the Taiwan branch building was completed, demonstrating the company’s will for active cooperation with the military and long-term development in Taiwan. In line with military expansion, the volume of overseas projects surged accordingly; thus the Guangdong branch was set up in February 1939 followed by the Hong Kong branch in February 1943. Not only did the company carry out construction projects, it was also involved in combat. Driven by the southward expansion policy, the branch became an important backing for enterprises advancing to the south and for the military deploying tactics. To support the industrialization policy of the Government- General of Taiwan and the southward expansion of the Japanese Empire, the Taiwan branch made the southern regions as well as the areas around Kaohsiung and Hualien port key districts. Prominent industries were also important clients of the branch, clearly demonstrating their contribution to the industrialization policy. In addition, the branch office played an important role in the development of Kaohsiung and the deployment of Taiwanese and Japanese troops in southern Taiwan.