環境風險的規制進路與範式重構——基於硬法與軟法的二元構造

Regulation Approach and Paradigm Reconstruction of Environmental Risk:On the Binary Basis of Hard Law and Soft Law

環境風險是現代國家環境治理的重要議題，規範主義和公共治理是當前環境風險規制的兩種主要進路。實踐中，規範主義規制模式存在規則體系的結構性不足與司法裁量的適用局限，而試圖對其加以修正的公共治理模式則由於規範缺失與參與不足導致了環境風險規制的失範。從本質看，環境風險規制就是對風險中的諸多利益進行平衡與協調，規制活動應當確保合法性與回應性，故而有必要在“硬法—軟法”的法理基礎上重新認識環境風險規制的內涵。“硬法—軟法” 範式要求拓展法律的外延與規制要素，將包括公共利益在內的廣泛因素納入規制領域，完善互動協調的二元法體系以及成熟的法解釋學等制度與技術支持，進而在此基礎上構建環境風險規制的二元法構造模式。

Environmental risk is an essential issue in modern national environmental governance. Prescriptivism and public governance are the two main approaches to environmental risk regulation. In practice, structural deficiency of rule mode and situational limitation of judicial discretion indwell the prescriptive regulation pattern. Nevertheless, the public governance which attempts to modify it has led the environmental risk regulation to anomy because of the lack of prescripts and insufficient participation. Environmental risk regulation is to essentially balance and coordinate the interests in the risk. And the regulation should ensure legality and responsiveness. Therefore, it’s necessary to reconceptualize the connotation of environmental risk regulation based on “hard law-soft law” jurisprudence. The “hard law-soft law” paradigm requires expanding the extension and elements of law, including extensive public benefits. By technological and institutional buttress for the perfection of interactive binary legal system and mature hermeneutic of law, the binary mode of environmental risk regulation can be further constructed.