馬來西亞砂拉越的南島語族人類學研究史的主題探析：親屬、宗教與族群關係

Thematic Analysis on the Anthropological Research on the Austronesians in Sarawak, Malaysia: Kinship, Religion and Ethnic Relationship

砂拉越位於婆羅洲西北側，共有20餘個原住民族群，就語言與考古的根源屬於南島語族，佔當地過半人口。自1842年至1941年英國探險家布洛克建立砂拉越王國統治長達100年，戰後續由英國殖民統治，1963年取得短暫自治後，隨即參組馬來西亞。砂拉越因英語通行及政治相對安定之故，19世紀末開始吸引學者前來研究。戰後學術研究更加豐沛，國際學術社團及本地博物館出版延續不墜。本文採取人類學學術史的角度，檢視砂拉越的政治經濟社會發展過程以及南島語族學術研究史的脈絡，針對三項重大研究主題：親屬、宗教、族群關係等，探討學者的創見與學術累積，及其對整體人類學知識的貢獻。

Located on the northwestern side of Borneo, Sarawak is home to 20 officially recognized Sarawak native peoples. These ethnic groups are classified as Austronesians based on their linguistic and archaeological legacies, and they constitute a majority of the population in Sarawak. Sarawak was ruled by the British Brooke family from 1842 to 1941, the Japanese Government from 1941 to 1945, and the British Government from 1946 to 1963 before it gained autonomy and joined Malaysia in 1963. Sarawak has attracted significant academic attention since the late 19th century thanks to its common use of English and relatively stable status. Academic research saw an abrupt growth after World War II. This article reviews three major anthropological topics of Austronesian studies in Sarawak, including kinship, religion and ethnic relationship, and makes suggestions for further ethnographic studies in Sarawak.