中國大陸國際政治研究方法之反思

Rethinking on Methodology of International Political Studies in Mainland China

國際政治研究方法大體上可劃分為哲學、學科、具體方法和研究成果撰寫等四個層次。在理想狀態下，國際關係領域中的實證分析和理論分析、學術取向和政策取向、定量研究和定性研究、基礎研究和應用性研究應該是共生並存的。中國大陸的國際政治學科，在過去50多年中，已經經歷了從政治宣傳向科學方法方向的演變，經歷了從馬克思主義一家主導向多種思想和理論同台競技的變化。但是，在大陸的國際政治研究中，仍然存在定性分析為主、定量分析為副，以及宏大課題為主、精細的實證研究為副等問題。由於大陸在方法論方面缺少有關教材和研究，也缺少相關的師資，再加上缺少必要的經費，雖然不斷引進一些新方法，但是距建立「有中國特色」的國際政治學仍然甚遠。

In principle, methodology of international politics can be divided by four levels: philosophical level, disciplinary level, idiographic studying methods level, and composing research paper level. In the idealistic state, there exists a kind of symbiosis among pragmatic analysis and theoretical analysis, academic task and policy making subject, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, and studying on foundational theories and studying on applicative issues. During the past five decades, international politics in Mainland China has evolved from a kind of political propaganda into academic research with scientific methods, from Marxism dominating international politics solely into many theories and ideas competing each other. At the same time, in the international political arena of the Mainland China, there exist some problems: too much qualitative analysis than quantitative analysis, and too much grand researching objects than careful pragmatic studying. Therefore, because there are pressed for books and teachers studying on methodology of international politics, plus there wants fund to support sustainable academic activities, even mainland China are introducing into some new methods, it is still far distant road for mainland China to establish its own“Chinese Specific”international politics.