| 英文摘要 |
Mpox is a zoonotic disease. Since 2022, the World Health Organization has issued recommendations to multiple countries to identify Mpox cases as an international public health emergency. It has been noted that there is a close relationship between animals, humans, and the environment. With the convenience of global transportation, an outbreak of the disease could lead to its rapid spread. Clinical manifestations of Mpox include fever, severe headache, muscle aches, weakness, and enlarged lymph nodes, followed by a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the palms, soles of the feet, and other parts of the body. Skin lesions progresses sequentially to macules, papules, blisters, pustules, and crusts. The virus remains infectious for 2–4 weeks before the crust falls off. Currently, in addition to differential diagnosis based on clinical manifestations, Mpox diagnosis relies on laboratory molecular technology based on detecting Mpox viral DNA. In terms of treatment, the main therapeutic agents are bovine vaccinia immunoglobulins and antiviral preparations, along with supportive therapy and care, including nutritional supplementation, electrolyte supplementation, and monitoring, to prevent dehydration due to decreased appetite. During hospitalization, in addition to respiratory and contact isolation, the care team must strictly wear personal protective equipment, practice hand hygiene, and carefully handle used clothing or items to avoid infection of healthcare personnel. The present article compiles the recent literature on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, care, and prevention of Mpox with the aim to provide clinical staff with new knowledge and references on care. |
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