國際公共衛生緊急事件中的政策透明度

Transparency during Public Health Emergencies of International Concern

國際公共衛生緊急事件既是民眾生命的重大危機，也是政治、經濟、社會、文化、倫理等多重層次的挑戰。需要政府與人民合作，才能渡過難關。促成政府與人民合作的一個關鍵在於政策的透明度，也就是政府對人民公開揭露疫情訊息與政治決策；但透明度除了民眾取得感興趣的訊息之外，還包括民眾參與政治決策以及政府的問責性等面向。本文以COVID-19 為例，強調政策透明化需要更多的民眾參與，以促成更令人信服的問責機制；本文也討論各類民眾參與的方式，以及需要注意的事項。

Public health emergencies of international concern are a major threat to people’s lives, constituting a multi-level challenge to politics, economy, society, culture, and ethics. Collaboration between the government and its people is essential. A key to the collaboration is transparency, which usually refers to the disclosure of epidemic-related information and political decisions to the public. In addition to access to information of public interest, transparency includes public participation in political decisions and government accountability. This article takes COVID-19 as an example to address the necessity of public participation in terms of transparency as a way of making accountability convincing. This article also discusses a number of channels by which the public participate in the improvement of transparency, along with some precautions that need to be noted.