貪污審判存在性別差異嗎？2011-2020 年地方法院裁判書的文字探勘

Do Corruption Trials Feature a Gender Difference? Text Mining of District Court Verdicts, 2011-2020

審判結果會因被告或法官性別不同而存在差異嗎？在貪污領域的研究，普遍指出民眾認為女性較男性更為清廉，且多數的研究也發現女性對貪污的容忍度低於男性。如果貪污或貪污認知存在性別差異，那麼性別在貪污審判中所扮演的角色為何？基於這樣的關注，本研究企圖檢視貪污審判中的性別差異。研究透過文字探勘方式，分析臺灣地方法院一審裁判書，總共有1,234 份裁判書，4,632 位貪污犯，檢視性別與貪污審判之關聯。結果發現，被告性別在部份審判階段存在差異。在起訴階段的審判差異應該是來自於犯罪率差異，但在「科緩刑」和「輕重刑」部分，女性被告的審判結果比男性被告較具優勢（女性傾向被判緩刑、輕刑）。其次，法官性別不存在審判差異，亦即，女性被告與女性法官之間亦不存在交互作用。基於研究結果，未來在預防犯罪實務或性別培力推動過程，不僅應著重於女性被告者處境的理解，亦不能忽略法官對男性被告的認識與理解，以避免落入性別刻板印象。

Do the verdicts of trials differ based on the gender of the defendant or judge? According to research on corruption, women are generally perceived as more honest than men. Most studies have also found that women tolerate corruption less than men do. What is the role of gender in corruption trials if there are gender differences in corruption or the perception of corruption? With this concern in mind, this study examined the correlation between gender and differences in corruption verdicts through text mining of 1,234 Taiwan district court verdicts. This involved 4,632 corruption offenders in an attempt to find out if gender differences exist in corruption trials. The results show that the gender of defendants played a role at certain stages of the trial. In sentencing, crime rates contributed to the disparity in indictments. However, female defendants were more likely to receive probation or light sentences more often than male defendants. On the other hand, the gender of the judge did not have an impact on the verdicts, and no correlation was found between the gender of the defendant and the gender of the judge. Based on the results, it is also necessary to focus on judges' knowledge and understanding of male defendants in future crime prevention practices or gender empowerment promotion, so as to avoid falling into gender stereotypes.