敏感個人信息的刑法特殊保護研究

Study on Special Protection of Sensitive Personal Information in Criminal Law

敏感個人信息具有極易誘發歧視性、極高人身依附性、極强財産關聯性和有關兒童的特殊性。侵犯公民敏感個人信息行為對公民的人格尊嚴、人身安全和財産安全容易造成重大侵害。我國刑法相關規定應突出加大對敏感個人信息特殊保護的力度。在關於敏感個人信息的規定方面，刑法司法解釋與《個人信息保護法》存在不一致。刑法司法解釋對敏感個人信息進行分級，沒有明確提及生物識別信息和不滿14周歲未成年人的個人信息，對敏感個人信息規定的方式不符合邏輯的展開。《個人信息保護法》沒有對敏感個人信息進行分級，明確將生物識別信息和不滿14周歲未成年人的個人信息規定為敏感個人信息，對敏感個人信息採用“概括＋列舉”的規定方式科學、合理。刑法不應將侵犯公民敏感個人信息行為增設為新罪，應通過調整現有侵犯公民個人信息罪的規定，增加敏感個人信息特殊保護的內容。刑法司法解釋應取消現有的關於敏感個人信息的分級，將非法獲取、出售或者提供公民敏感個人信息行為的起刑點設定為“50條以上”，並保持侵犯公民敏感個人信息“情節特別嚴重”較“情節嚴重”10倍以上的認定標準。

Sensitive personal information has the attributes of being easily discriminatory, highly dependent on individuals, highly related to property, and having special characteristics concerning children. Violations of citizens' sensitive personal information are easy to cause major damage to citizens' personal dignity, personal safety and property safety. The relevant provisions of Chinas criminal law should focus on strengthening the special protection of sensitive personal information. The judicial interpretation of the criminal law is inconsistent with the provisions of the Personal Information Protection Law on sensitive personal information. The Judicial Interpretation of the Criminal Law classifies sensitive personal information, and does not explicitly mention biometric information and personal information of minors under the age of 14 and the way to regulate sensitive personal information is illogical. The Personal Information Protection Law does not classify sensitive personal information. It clearly defines biometric information and personal information of minors under the age of 14 as sensitive personal information, and adopts a scientific and reasonable method of ''summarization + enumeration'' for sensitive personal information. The Criminal Law should not add a new crime of infringing on citizens' sensitive personal information, and should increase the content of special protection of sensitive personal information by adjusting the existing provisions on the crime of infringing citizens' personal information. The judicial interpretation of the criminal law should cancel the existing classification of sensitive personal information, set the starting point of illegal acquisition, sale or provision of sensitive personal information of citizens to ''50 or more'', and maintain the recognition standard that the ''circumstances are particularly serious'' of infringing upon citizens' sensitive personal information is more than 10 times that of ''circumstances are serious''.