論物權變動的「清償模式」

假如中國法就買賣合同履行時的物權變動不采無因性模式，那麼，由於可從清償視角分析物權變動，獨立的物權行為概念就是不必要的。由此，即無必要採取有因物權行為的模式。在基於法律行為的物權變動中，可停留於「清償」「拋棄」等概念的中度抽象狀態。就履行過程中的意思瑕疵，基於清償作為法律行為的視角，清償概念可解決物權行為概念能夠且應當解決的問題，而物權行為概念並不能解決清償概念能夠且應當解決的問題。因此，獨立的物權行為概念對於問題的解決既顯不足，又顯多餘。另外，自清償視角看，通常對於所謂債權形式主義的物權變動模式的描述是不準確的，因為僅依債權行為和形式並不足以解釋物權變動之發生，須輔之以清償視角，即買賣合同之清償導致所有權變動，清償既包括交付等事實行為，也包括法律行為下的清償意思。所有權變動的意思包括在清償意思中。此種模式不妨稱之為物權變動的清償模式。

If the Chinese law does not adopt the ''abstractness'' mode for the change of real right during the performance of the sales contract, given that the change of real right can be analyzed from the perspective of discharge, the independent concept of “juridical act of real right” is unnecessary. Therefore, it is unnecessary to adopt the ''abstract juridical act of real right” mode. In the change of real right based on juridical acts, the moderate abstract concepts such as ''discharge'' and ''abandonment'' and so on are enough. With regard to the intention defects in the process of performance, from the perspective of discharge as a juridical act, the concept of discharge can solve the problems that the concept of juridical act of real right can and should solve, while the concept of juridical act of real right cannot solve the problems that the concept of discharge can and should solve. Therefore, the independent concept of juridical act of real right is not only insufficient, but also redundant. In addition, from the perspective of discharge , as to the so-called “juridical act of creditor's right plus form, mode for the change of real rights, the description is usually inaccurate, because it is not enough to explain the occurrence of real right change only according to the juridical act of creditor's right and form. The perspective of discharge that the discharge of the sales contract leads to the real right change is necessary. The discharge consists of the delivery or other factual behaviors, as well as the intention of discharge in the juridical act. The intention of ownership change is included in the intention of discharge. This mode may be called the ''discharge'' mode of real right change.