韓國新貿易路線圖及其在區域經濟整合的角色：從雙邊FTA至多邊FTA

From Bilateral to Multilateral FTAs: Korea's New Trade Roadmap and its Role in Regional Economic Integration

本文主旨在檢視進入本世紀初南韓所制訂的自由貿易協定（FTA）路線圖是否已達成其所預定的目標，同時也將聚焦於過去十年裡南韓國內外環境的變遷及其對該國貿易政策的影響以及2013年6月朴槿惠總統所推出的新的貿易路線圖。雖然就FTA競賽而言，南韓是後來加入的參賽者，但其所簽訂的FTA的數目增加快速，就市場通路言已超越鄰國。然而當越來越多的FTA生效後，繁雜的原產地規則已導致一些FTA利用率偏低。要應付超過20個以上的FTA對南韓政府與企業而言是項潛在的負擔。再者，由於多數東亞各國都在積極簽署FTA，南韓在FTA網絡中的樞紐地位勢將難以維持很久。此外，新興的多邊FTA如區域全面經濟夥伴關係（Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership，簡稱RCEP）與跨太平洋戰略經濟夥伴協議（Trans-Pacific Partnership, 簡稱TPP）都將對南韓一直聚焦於雙邊貿易關係的FTA政策構成威脅。由於有好幾個多邊FTA同時存在，且處於競箏的狀態，南韓將必須做出決定如何參與這些多邊FTA的談判與設定立場如何對區域經濟整合做出貢獻。

This paper reviews Korea' FTA roadmap designed in early 2000s and examines how far Korea's FTAs planned in the roadmap have been achieved since then. It also focuses on changes in domestic and external contexts related to Korea's trade policy during last ten years and present Korea' New Trade Roadmap announced in June 2013. While Korea was late comer in FTA race, its FTA has been increased in number and outpaced neighboring countries in terms of market access. However, as more FT As go into effect, complicated rules of origin result in low utilization rate of some FTAs. Managing more than 20 FTAs will be potential load to Korean government and firms.