論現代湘語中的咍泰之別及其早期形式的擬測

On Xāi/Tài Distinction in Modern Xiang Dialects and the Reconstruction in Proto Xiang

本文利用《切韻》這一音韻框架，探討現代湘語方言中蟹攝一等重韻，也就是咍韻與泰韻的區別，並進一步嘗試重建原始湘語中咍泰兩韻的原始形式（proto form）。關於湘語是否保存咍泰兩韻的區別，學者之間存在不同的看法，這是本文的研究動機。本文將以更多湘語語料為基礎，觀察咍泰兩韻的層次，並提出我們的看法。本文的研究課題為歷史語言學，所使用的研究方法為比較方法（comparative method）。此外本文也將採取層次分析法，對湘語的語言層次進行剖析，利用可靠的音韻層次進行比較研究。從比較的觀點來看，現代湘語具備「區分咍泰」這項一等重韻有別的特徵。原始湘語的咍韻可以擬測為*ɒi 而泰韻則可擬測為*ai。這項特徵可以追溯到早期的南方方言，也就是六朝時期江東方言。

By using the phonological framework of Qie Yun, this article explores the double rhyme of Xiè Shè Grade I in modern Xiāng dialects, that is, the difference between Xāi(咍) rhyme and Tài(泰) rhyme, and further attempts to reconstruct the common forms (proto form) of the two rhymes in early Xiāng language (common Xiāng). There are different opinions on whether the modern Xiang languages distinguishes the two rhymes of Xāi and Tài, which is the research motivation of this article. Based on the documents published from the past century till now, the article observes the phonological strata of the two rhymes, and proposes our opinion. The research topic of this article is historical linguistics, and the research method used is the comparative method. On the other hand, this article points out that from a comparative point of view, modern Xiang dialects have the distinctive feature of “distinguishing Xāi and Tài”. The early form of Xāi rhyme in proto Xiang could be reconstructed as *ɒi and the Thài rhyme could be reconstructed as *ai. This feature can be traced back to the early dialect located in the south China, that is, the so called Jiangdong dialect of the Six Dynasties period.