國民中學社會學科領域課程的回顧：變革與挑戰

A Review of the Curriculum of Social Subjects / Studies in Junior High School in Taiwan: Changes and Challenges

西元1968年臺灣實施九年國民教育以來，國中課程歷經多次的調整與變革。本文回顧歷年教育部所頒訂的國民中學《課程標準》與《課程綱要》，就總綱與社會學科/領域的綱要內容，針對課程目標、教材綱要／（基本）學習內容等構面分析，探討歷年國中社會學科／領域課程的特色、變革與挑戰。
2002年以前，《課程標準》是國中課程實施的依據，不僅具有強制實行的規定，且受到戒嚴時期與國家反共復國等特殊需求的影響，課程目標涵括陶冶民族意識與愛國情操等因應時代需求的特色，也使地理科與歷史科的內容以本（中）國史地的篇幅最多，而公民與道德科則以四維八德與宏揚中華文化為中心，直至解嚴後才進行部分課程的調整。
2002年以後，教育部改以《課程綱要》作為國中課程的指引，課程目標轉向以發展全人教育為重心，過去的地理、歷史和公民三科合併為社會學習領域，課程延續解嚴後逐漸重視本土教育的聲音，增加臺灣史地與社會的內容並減少中國史地的篇幅。此外，2019年正式實施十二年國民基本教育課程後，學習內容新增問題探究等條目，企圖以問題導向學習培育學生的素養，並解決社會領域內跨科統整的問題，此舉雖極富挑戰但也讓社會領域的課程與教學理想露出新的曙光，亟需現場教師們的實踐。

Since Taiwan implemented nine-year national education in 1968, the curriculum goals of junior high schools have undergone many adjustments and changes. This article reviews the“Curriculum Standards”and“Curriculum Guidelines”that related to the junior high school and social subjects / studies with dimensions of curriculum goals and contents to discuss the characteristics, changes and challenges of the social subjects / studies in junior high school over the years.
Before 2002, The Ministry of Education used the "Curriculum Standards" as the basis for the implementation of the junior high school curriculum. Influenced by the era of martial law and national special needs ,the Curriculum Standards not only have mandatory regulations but take raising national consciousness and patriotism that adapting era’s goal. In order to implement the goals of the Curriculum Standards, it took up a large proportion of the content of Chinese history and geography. The subject of citizenship and ethics centered on the four cardinal principles and eight virtues and Chinese culture. The curriculum of these subjects was adjusted after lifting of the law in 1987.
After 2002, the Ministry of Education adopts the "Curriculum Guidelines" as the implementation of the junior high school curriculum. The curriculum goal was changed to help students to develop their potential and knowledge abilities as the first priority. The content of social studies is gradually attaching importance to the history and geography of Taiwan. The content and teaching sessions of Chinese history and geography was reduced at the same time. In addition, the learning content of "Curriculum Guidelines of Social Studies" which announced in 2018 added the items such as problem exploration, and attempted to cultivate students' literacy through problem-based learning. Although this transformation is extremely challenging, it also brings a new dawn to the ideal of the curriculum and teaching in the social field, and urgently needs the practice of on-site teachers.