提升自行車共享系統之使用與支付意願之價格機制與政策設計──以新竹市YouBike為例

Price Mechanism and Policy Design to Increase the Usage of and Willingness to Pay for Bicycle-Sharing Systems: A Case Study of YouBike in Hsinchu City

自行車共享系統（bicycle-sharing systems；BSS）為智慧城市（smart city）重要的公共綠色運具，被視為公共交通系統的第一哩路或最後一哩路（“last mile”）（Wilby et al., 2020; Li, Lin, Gao, Meng & Song, 2020）。自行車共享系統為環境友善（ environmentally friendly ） 的城市交通形式（Zademach & Musch, 2018），已成為許多綠色城市交通網絡的特點（Xu, Ye, Li & Xu, 2018）。Zademach and Musch（2018）進一步指出提升自行車共享系統之使用，對於可持續的區域發展及環境永續至關重要。荷蘭、丹麥和德國透過政策設計使騎自行車成為一種安全、方便和實用的方式，而成為城市的重要交通工具（Pucher & Buehler, 2008b）。Patel and Patel（2020）指出提升自行車共享系統之使用，改變城市交通風貌，政府施行合宜政策是最有效的綠色公共運具促進者。共享、節能與綠色之城市運輸系統的改變，促進邁向環境友善之綠色城市，而設計合宜政策、與價格機制，是提升自行車共享系統之公共綠色運具使用意願之重要關鍵。本研究設計計費機制變革、硬體設施改善、轉乘措施實行、保險金自付與機車停車格收費等五個政策情境，並使用條件評估法，評估受訪者對於不同政策情境下騎乘綠色運具之支付願意，分析與評估不同政策施行之可行性。發現騎乘YouBike 前30 分鐘之優惠措施、停車轉乘優惠方案、機車停車格收費之推力方案可提升YouBike 的使用率。在硬體設施方面，增設站點、自行車車道，以滿足使用者的租借可及性，並提供友善的自行車環境，有助於提高公共綠色運具之使用。自行車保險費之使用者付費方面，受訪者願意支付3.22 元／次之上限為100 萬之個人傷害險保險費。研究成果可提供自行車共享系統之價格機制與政策設計參考，提高綠色運具之使用，助益提升城市邁向永續。

Bicycle-sharing systems (BSS) are an important public green vehicle for smart cities and are regarded as the first or last mile of public transportation systems (Wilby et al., 2020; Li, Lin, Gao, Meng & Song, 2020). Bicycle-sharing systems are an environmentally friendly form of urban transportation (Zademach and Musch, 2018). It has become a feature of many green urban transport networks (Xu, Ye, Li & Xu, 2018). Zademach and Musch (2018) further pointed out that increasing the use of bike-sharing systems is essential for sustainable regional development and environmental sustainability. The Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany have designed policies to let riding a bicycle be a safe, convenient, and practical way to become necessary transportation in cities (Pucher & Buehler, 2008b). Patel and Patel (2020) pointed out that by increasing the use of bicycle-sharing systems, to change the urban transportation landscape, the government's implementation of appropriate policies is the most effective green public transport facilitator. The change in the urban transportation system of sharing, energy-saving, and green promotes the development of an environment-friendly green city, and the design of appropriate policies and price mechanisms promotes bicycles. This study designed five policy scenarios, including pricing mechanism reform, infrastructure improvement, implementation of transfer measures, self-payment of insurance premiums, and locomotive parking fees, adopting the Contingent Valuation Method to evaluate the willingness to pay for ride YouBike under different policy scenarios. It was found that the preferential measures for the first 30 minutes of riding YouBike, the park-and-ride preferential plan, and the thrust plan of motorcycle parking fees can increase the utilization rate of YouBike. In terms of hardware facilities, additional stations and bicycle lanes will be added to meet the accessibility of users, and provide a friendly bicycle environment, which will help to improve the use of public green vehicles. In terms of userpaid bicycle insurance premiums, respondents are willing to pay NT$3.22 per trip for personal injury insurance (up to NT$ 1 million). The research results can provide price mechanisms and policy design references for bicycle-sharing systems, improve the use of green transportation, and help improve the city's sustainability.