增強式訓練對青少年網球選手運動表現之影響

Effects of Plyometric Training on the Performance of Junior Tennis Players

過去幾年臺灣青少年網球成績在國際表現相當亮眼，但在近三年的國際成績有下滑的趨勢，跟過去相比仍有進步的空間。增強式訓練已廣泛被運用在各個國家及臺灣基層訓練站，但尚未有一套針對青少年網球選手的增強式訓練系統，部分訓練站雖會實施增強式訓練，然而對於青少年增強式訓練強度負荷及數量的設定尚無具體參考指標。本文目的為透過文獻回顧方式，統整各國及不同運動項目增強式訓練之應用方式，及其對青少年運動表現之影響。綜觀相關文獻發現，增強式訓練對青少年網球選手體能及技術表現皆有顯著的影響，在男子青少年選手 14 歲前、女子青少年選手 12 歲前，實施增強式訓練是一個關鍵的時期，安排增強式訓練處方時也應依據年齡、選手等級和計畫週期進行滾動式調整。本文綜合及分析各篇增強式訓練文獻，整理出針對青少年網球選手的增強式訓練處方，可供臺灣基層網球教練、運動防護員、體能訓練師及選手參考。

In the past few years, Taiwan junior tennis performance has been quite impressive in the international arena, but in the past three years there has been a downward trend in international performance, and there is still unclear for improvement compared with the past. Plyometric training has been widely used in beginner level tennis training base in various countries, but there has not been an plyometric training system for junior tennis players. Some junior training base are still in the method of indigenous steelmaking, although some training base will implement plyometric. Style training, but there is still no way to set the intensity and quantity of plyometric training for teenagers. The purpose of this article is to unify the application of plyometric training in various countries and sports events and its impact on junior tennis player sports performance through literature review. A review of the relevant literature found that reinforcement training has a significant impact on the physical and technical performance of junior tennis players. The implementation of reinforcement exercises before puberty is a critical period. The prescription of reinforcement training should also be based on age, player level and performance and the planning cycle has been adjusted. This article synthesizes and analyzes various plyometric documents, and sorts out plyometric training prescriptions for junior tennis players, which can be used for reference by Taiwan coaches and players.