近代臺灣女性日記中的家政與家以《陳岺女士日記》為例

Women’s Diaries from Modern Taiwan: Insights into Housekeeping and Domestic Life from Ms Chen Ling’s Diary

家政（家事勞動）向來為馬克思主義的女性主義學者的核心議題，然歷史學者為史料所限，對家務勞動中的女性經驗討論甚少。近年來多本臺灣女性日記的陸續出版，為此議題提供了新的動能，本文所關注之霧峰林紀堂妾的《陳岺女士日記》即為其中一種，因其充滿持家細節，讓家務勞動中的女性經驗這一提問，能透過婦女自我發聲、內容豐富的史料加以落實。
此一研究不僅有助於考察新舊過渡時期仕紳家庭性別權力關係的角逐，從中亦可見喪偶婦女如何運用其社會支持系統，填補男主人去世的勞動缺口，重建「家」的意義，並享有更自主、豐富的生活空間。另一方面，來自族長的協助也逐漸形成一種撫孤政策，凸顯出富有開明新思想的族長，對族內作為「未亡人」的妾室之生活空間擴大、角色多元化所起到的重要作用。整體而言，陳岺日記中所見的女性家務勞動經驗，女主人的職責主要是「指揮監督」，工作要點為「婦德」（敬夫知禮的婦人），全然不同於現代家庭中主婦親自從事勞動、科學治家之定義。

Jiazheng or“domestic work”has been a core area of concern for Marxist feminist scholars, yet due to the limitations of available documents, historical knowledge of women’s experiences in housework has been rather scarce. With the publication of a range of women’s diaries in recent years, there is new impetus for historical discussion. One such diary is that of Ms. Chen Ling, who was a concubine of Lin Jitang in Wufeng. This diary contains rich documentation of housekeeping life, permitting a richer analysis of women’s own historical narration of housekeeping work and more comprehensive analysis of domestic work and life. This paper constitutes a case-study analysis of Ms. Chen Ling’s Diary from these vantage points.
The case study of Ms. Chen Ling's Diary sheds light on rivalry in gender relations throughout this transitional period in China's social transformation from traditional norms to modernity. It also reveals how widowed women used social support systems to fill the labor gap left by the death of their husband, thereby rebuilding the meaning of home and enjoying more rich and autonomous spheres of domestic living. On the other hand, the financial and social assistance provided by the patriarch gradually developed into a policy of supporting orphans, highlighting the role which patriarchs harboring enlightened, new ideas would have on members in the domestic sphere, which also contributed to the expansion of concubines’living space as well as the diversification of female roles in the clan. Overall, the experiences of women’s housework as documented in Ms. Chen Ling’s Diary reveals that the main responsibility of the hostess was to“command and supervise”, with the main focus on“women’s moral conduct”(conduct showing respect for their husband and courteous comportment.) These responsibilities and perspectives vastly differ from ideas on female domestic labor and the scientific management of domestic family life in the modern period.