探討新進護理人員護理實習經驗與職場工作壓力之關係

An Exploration of the Relations Between the Nursing Practice Experience and Work Pressure of New Nursing Staff

研究背景：護理科系學生修習之護理課程以及所經歷之護理實習經驗對其未來到醫療院所任職時之工作壓力應該有所影響。
研究目的：一為經由文獻整理及彙集護理人員實務經驗找出護理課程及實習經驗對工作壓力諸影響題項，二為探討新進護理人員對這些題項之看法，以及修習之護理課程及實習經驗與工作壓力之間的相關情形。
研究方法：先採用文獻整理法找出護理課程及實習經驗對工作壓力諸影響題項，請資深護理人員對這些題項做內容效度分析，正式問卷發放對象為九家醫院之新進護理人員，回收有效問卷共247份。對回收問卷之資料處理方法含敘述統計、因素分析、t檢定、相關分析，變異數分析等。
研究結果：經由本研究可了解新進護理人員對就讀學校之課程設備與實習規劃、實習時遇到之實習指導老師、在實習機構遇到的各種情形，以及在醫院工作時面臨之工作壓力等四個面向之看法。而且可得知學校、實習老師與實習機構所萃取之諸因素與面臨之工作壓力諸因素大多呈現顯著相關。
建議：本研究整理出新進護理人員對四個面向之意見，據此建議在學校方面能改善示教室之設備以及安排臨床就業選習方式；在實習老師方面能對其拋出的問題、指派的實習報告以及指派需要學習的內容等更明確告知且視情形調整；在實習機構或單位方面能對病歷內容中的專業術語及英文、如何掌握病人病情的變化以及交班的內容多加指導。至於工作壓力，院方應設法讓新進護理人員能減輕其壓力。

Background and Objective: Practical experience and nursing classes should influence the work pressure experienced by nursing students in medical institutions. This study investigated the relationship between nursing curricula, practical experience, and work pressure by reviewing the literature and using a questionnaire. In addition, this study investigated the views of new nursing staff on these topics.
Methods: From the literature, we collected items for evaluating nursing curricula, practical experience, and work pressure. Senior nursing staff were asked to assess the validity of the gathered items. The questionnaire was distributed to the new nursing staff in nine hospitals, and 247 valid questionnaires were retrieved. This study employed descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-tests, correlation analysis, and analysis of variance for data analysis.
Results: The responses provided a deep understanding of the views of new nursing staff on the following four topics: 1) the curriculum, equipment, and training program in the school; 2) training instructors; 3) various training situations encountered by students; and 4) work pressure. We discovered that the correlations between the factors of the first three aspects and those of the fourth aspect were mostly significant.
Suggestions: We recommend that schools improve classroom equipment and their methods of clinical employment selection. Instructors should clearly explain the assigned questions, practice report, and required learning content and should adjust assignments depending on the situation. The new nursing staff expressed a desire for more detailed instruction with respect to professional terms, English writing in medical records, changes in a patient’s condition, and the content of a nursing clinical handover. In addition, hospitals should strive to relieve work pressure on new nursing staff.