老年人之健康狀態探討與生活品質預測

Exploring Health Status and Predicting Quality of Life in Older People

目的：老化攸關於生理功能退化、活動減少，進而增加身體衰弱、降低日常生活自理能力、負向影響生活品質。本研究旨在探討老年人之特徵與健康狀態，並預測其對生活品質的影響。
方法：本研究採橫斷式研究設計，以方便性取樣嘉義縣200位老年人。資料之收集與分析包括人口學特徵、日常生活活動、肌力、肺功能、運動耐力、生活品質。
結果：參與者平均年齡為73.66±7.24歲。其中82%有慢性病、76%是偏頗體質、94%可獨立完成日常生活活動、35.5%參與社交活動。平均握力為20.93±9.84公斤、肺功能為79.81±12.64%、六分鐘走距為269.43±89.61公尺。生活品質與收入所得、活動參與、肺功能、日常生活活動、握力、六分鐘走距、平和體質等呈正相關，而與年齡、慢性疾病、偏頗體質等呈負相關。其中年齡、活動參與、慢性疾病、收入所得、日常生活活動、握力、平和體質、血瘀體質、氣虛體質等能預測生活品質，解釋變異量達68%。
結論：本研究結果發現老年人的生活品質與健康狀況相互影響。護理專業考量個別特徵、健康狀況、中醫體質等差異，將能有助於提升生活品質，並提供精準照護。

Objectives: Aging is associated with declined physiological function and decreased physical activity, which leads to frailty and lower self-care ability and has a negative impact on the quality of life. This study aimed to explore the factors affecting health status and quality of life in older people.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. A convenience sample of 200 older adults was recruited from Chiayi County. Data collected from demographic characteristics, activities of daily living, muscle strength, lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life were analyzed.
Results: The average age of participants was 73.66±7.24 years. Among them, 82% had chronic diseases, 76% were inharmonic body constitution, 94% completed activities of daily living independently, and 35.5% participated in social activities. The average grip strength was 20.93±9.84 kg, FEV1/FVC was 79.81±12.64%, and distance walked within 6 minutes was 269.43±89.61 meters. The quality of life was positively associated with income, social activities, vital capacity, daily activities, grip strength, 6-minute walking distance, and harmonic constitution whereas it was negatively associated with age, chronic diseases, and inharmonic body constitution. The predictive variables including age, social activities, chronic diseases, income, activities of daily living, grip strength, and harmonic constitution, blood stasis constitution, and qi-stagnation constitution, explaining 68% of the variance.
Conclusion: This study showed that the quality of life was associated with health status in the older people. Individual characteristics, health status, and body constitution are associated with quality of life and should be taken into consideration in precision nursing care.