中國鄉村振興之個案研究──以福建廈門市曾厝垵聚落為例

A Case Study of Rural Revitalization in China Taking Zengcuoan Settlement in Xiamen City, Fujian Province as an Example

在經濟全球化趨勢下，近年來世界各國經濟急速發展，看似帶給人類快速便捷的未來與福祉，但伴隨而來的社會問題卻隨之激增，失業問題、城鄉差距、資源分配不均等困境。如何解決此重大問題，進而讓離鄉青年願意並回到故鄉，為地方打造生氣、活絡並改善當地經濟、人口老化，地方產業日漸衰弱之窘境是本文的研究動機。本文所選定研究對象為福建廈門市曾厝垵聚落，透過個案研究法、文獻分析法，深度訪談法及田野調查法來展開研究。依據研究結果與發現，厝垵在鄉村振興下，社區意識的發展狀況與社區參與度不高，原因可歸咎於（1）在地居民與外來投資者自成一派，明顯的地域排斥情況下，無法建立社區認同（2）利益導向的考量（3）公部門的手腕不被買單（4）業主與商戶的溝通橋樑無功能性。地方特色的發展程度，受訪者均表示，曾厝垵本身並無保留其原始的純樸漁村風貌，甚至發展至今已形成沒有特色的大雜燴，僅僅是一個過度商業化下的犧牲品，政府方面亦對曾厝垵當地的這些特色產業與文化並沒有做很好的保護，只是讓「鄉村走向城市」。曾厝垵的永續發展方向若能有效運用官、產、學的力量深耕挖掘在地特色，堅守維護本地的風俗民情，從而現代的農村地區和現代的城鎮地區來共同對接現代社會，這樣的道路才是完美理想的鄉村振興；而這樣的未來，可能才是理想的未來的城市。

Under the trend of economic globalization, the rapid economic development of countries in the world in recent years seems to bring a convenient future to mankind, but the accompanying social problems have also increased sharply, such as unemployment, urbanrural gap, and uneven distribution of resources. How to solve this major problem, so that young people who leave their hometowns are willing to return to their hometowns, create vitality for the place, revitalize and improve the local economy, the aging population, and the declining local industry are the research motivations of this paper. The object of this study is Zengcuo'an settlement in Xiamen City, Fujian Province. The research is carried out through case study, document analysis, in-depth interview and field investigation. According to the research results and findings, under the rural revitalization of Cuoan, the development of community awareness and community participation is not good, which can be attributed to the following points: 1. Local residents and foreign investors form their own faction. In the case of obvious geographical exclusion, it is impossible to establish community identity. 2.Their orientation just stay on Interest-oriented considerations. 3. The community does not accept the government's handling 4. The communication bridge between owners and customer is non-functional. Regarding the degree of development of local characteristics, the interviewees all said that Zengcuoan itself did not retain its original style of a simple fishing village, and even developed into a no characteristic village. It is just a victim of excessive commercialization. These local characteristic industries and cultures in Zengcuoan have not been well protected, but only allow ''villages to move into cities''.