廢汽車拆解調查與分析

Scrap Car Dismantling in Taiwan

台灣目前每年約報廢35萬輛廢機動車輛，這些為數龐大的廢汽車，大都是先經國內廢車拆解廠進行初步拆解，而衍生的廢車殼再交由廢車粉碎處理業進行處理，以回收車殼中的有價金屬材質，而殘餘非金屬廢棄物則送往焚化爐處理。為了解國內廢汽車拆解廠回收拆解現況，本研究選擇國內2家廢車拆解廠家，來進行廢汽車拆解廠之現場調查與分析，本研究共進行8輛廢汽車之實廠拆解分析，由現場實證拆解調查結果可知，國內現場拆車作業係先將車內輪胎、汽機油、電瓶、水箱水等零組件卸除，再將引擎、傳動軸、避震器拆解分離，剩餘空車殼則送往國內廢車粉碎廠，現場作業人力須1~2人，拆解過程使用之工具包括叉車、氣動電鑽、破壞剪，切割機等，所需之能源包括電力、柴油、氧氣、乙炔等，另經統計於國內廢車拆解廠平均一輛廢車所需之拆解時間大約為17分鐘，平均一輛廢車約可拆除530公斤之零組件，而平均一輛拆剩之空車殼約為732公斤。

In Taiwan, approximately 350,000 cars are submitted for scrapping every year. Most of these scrap cars are first dismantled at domestic scrap car dismantling plants, and the resulting scrap car shells are then delivered to scrap car shredding plants for further processing to recover valuable metals in the car shell; the remaining nonmetal waste is sent to an incinerator. To understand the scrap car dismantling process in Taiwan, this study conducted on-site investigation and analysis of scrap car dismantling practices at two domestic scrap car dismantling plants. This study investigated the on-site dismantling of eight scrap cars. The scrap car dismantling operations adopted in Taiwan involve first removing the battery, tires, gasoline, oil, and coolant in the car and then disassembling the engine, transmission shaft, and shock absorber. The remaining car shell is sent to domestic scrap car shredders. One or two people are required to perform on-site dismantling operations. The tools used in the dismantling process include forklifts, pneumatic electric drills, cutting scissors, and cutting machines. The energy sources required include electricity, diesel, oxygen, and acetylene. The average dismantling time for a scrap car at domestic scrap car dismantling plants is approximately 17 minutes, and an average scrap car is dismantled into approximately 530 kg of components, with the average weight of the remaining car shell being approximately 732 kg.