選舉制度與族群政治：以新竹縣立法委員選區劃分為例

The Electoral System and Ethnic Politics: The Case of Legislative Redistricting in Hsinchu County

選舉制度之設計，涉及應選名額、投票制度、選區劃分等面向。我國立法委員自第7屆起改採單一選區兩票制，依《公職人員選舉罷免法》第35條所定「每10年重新檢討一次」，第10屆區域立法委員新竹縣應選名額由1席增加為2席。本文以文獻分析法，檢視投票制度、選區劃分相關制度設計，並運用投票行為理論，探討第10屆新竹縣立法委員選區劃分，獲致研究發現為：（1）新竹縣立法委員選區，劃分為「閩客混合選區」、「客家選區」，依苗栗縣選區劃分實作經驗，未來可能發展為閩南、客家各1席立法委員之族群政治平衡。（2）民進黨在新竹縣、苗栗縣之「閩客混合選區」，皆提名客家籍候選人，以「政黨及族群雙元認同」模式，爭取勝選。

The design of the electoral system includes seats, voting, and electoral districts. From the Seventh Legislative Yuan, the single electoral district and the two-vote system have been adopted. According to Article 35 of the “Civil Servants Election and Recall Act,” seat distribution in the Legislative Yuan is reconsidered every 10 years to account for changes in the population. In 2020, the number of lawmakers' seats increased from 1 to 2 in Hsinchu County. This study employs a literature review to explore the voting system and legislative redistricting, as well as voting-behavior theory to discuss the issue of redrawing electoral districts in Hsinchu County. The findings include: (1) The legislators' electoral districts of Hsinchu County are divided into a “Minnan-Hakka mixed constituency” and a “Hakka constituency”. Learning from Miaoli's experience, Hsinchu may have one Minnan lawmaker and one Hakka lawmaker. (2) In order to win the 2020 legislative election, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) is employing a new campaign strategy, namely, the “dual identity of political parties and ethnic groups” model, via nominating Hakka candidates in Hsinchu and Miaoli.