從時間面向重思離岸風電與沿岸漁業的衝突

Rethinking the Conflict between Offshore Wind Farm and Nearshore Fishery from a Temporal Perspective

本文從時間面向來解析漁民與離岸風電計畫之間的衝突，主張除了常見的空間與資源競奪理由之外，離岸風電開發與漁業活動在時間層面的衝突也需要被梳理，才能充分理解漁民對離岸風電開發的抗拒，以及其欲保衛之「生存權」的多重意涵。所謂「時間層面的衝突」可從兩個端點來談：在離岸風電這端，清零減碳的全球環境論述所引發的「倒數計時」急迫性，讓離岸風電產業取得優先的海域開發順序，而能以強勢的後來者之姿，限制了長久在海上活動的漁民之空間使用權。在漁民這端，他們從與海洋環境交涉的實作經驗中，發展出適應與調和海洋之各種變動因子——包括潮汐、魚群動態、風浪等等——的時間知識與勞動節奏，而得以擁有大多數薪資勞動者缺少的時間自主權。由是，漁民想要保衛的「生存權」並不只是漁業帶來的經濟收入，也是由漁業涉及的時間勞動所構作的生存模式。

This paper analyzes the conflicts between fishermen and offshore wind projects from the temporal perspective. I contend that in addition to the oft-mentioned spatial and resource competition factors, time-related factors must also be taken into account to fully understand the resistance of fishermen to offshore wind development and the multi-layered connotations of the “right to live” that they defend so fiercely. The 'time-related factors' can be discussed from two perspectives: on the offshore wind side, the global environmental discourse of zero carbon reduction has created a 'countdown timer' of urgency, allowing the offshore wind industry to gain priority in the development of the sea, and to be a dominating latecomer, limiting the spatial access of fishermen who have long been active in the sea. On the fishermen's side, they have developed the episteme of time and labor in/of time to adapt to and reconcile various temporal rhythms- including tides, fish dynamics, wind and waves, etc. - from their practical experience in dealing with the marine environment. This ocean-specific episteme of time and labor in/of time allows fishermen the temporal autonomy that most wage earners lack. Thus, the 'right to live' that the fishermen want to protect is not just the economic income generated by fishing, but also the unique mode of existence created by the labor in/of time of fishing.