博物館作為媒介之災難展示意涵：以五處日本地震災難博物館為例

The Implications of Museums as a Medium of Disaster Displays: A Case Study of Earthquake-Related Disaster Museums in Japan

本文選取日本五處地震災難博物館為研究個案，視博物館為媒介，從媒介研究的文化角度，以及科學與科技研究（Science and Technology Studies, STS）角度切入，梳理博物館與災難展示的文化與科學意涵，並試圖建構災難展示的理論與分析架構。
個案選擇上，筆者從展示之災難類型、軟硬體展示設施、影響力與研究問題相關性，以及資料收集方式為參考指標，選擇位於日本神戶、大阪、淡路以及東京共五處地震災難博物館為分析對象。
資料收集與分析上，以文獻資料收集與多點田野調查的方式進行，筆者於2019年赴日本神戶、大阪、淡路與東京參訪五處博物館，以參觀、訪談、觀察、二手文獻等方式收集資料，整合不同的研究領域之理論視角於災難展示個案上，建構出災難展示的分析架構。
研究發現，博物館作為媒介之災難展示，有三個面向：博物館作為文化展示的政治性，建構災難事件之後，民眾之歷史意識、集體記憶與自我認同；博物館作為傳播科學與科技知識中介之科學展示的政治性，傳遞地震相關科學知識；以及博物館科技提供之數位化與互動參與，透過模擬地震的體驗，達到公眾參與科學與科技的目的。

As a so-called earthquake country, Japan has suffered from several serious ones in the past and has built sufficient ability to avert huge losses after earthquakes. To remind visitors of past experiences and equip them with scientific knowledge, scientific museums provide static and interactive displays on earthquake related events. Thus, this paper selects five scientific museums related to disaster display in Japan as a case study It regards museums as a medium, taking the perspective of cultural research in media studies as well as the perspective of science and technology studies, to conduct the research. It aims to sort out the cultural and scientific meanings of museums and disaster displays, attempting to develop a theoretical and analytical framework for disaster presentation.
This paper expands the traditional narrow definition of communication media and regards museums as a medium in a broad sense. It borrows from the International Council of Museum (ICOM), which defines‘museum’as“a notfor-profit, permanent institution in the service of society that researches, collects, conserves, interprets and exhibits tangible and intangible heritage. Open to the public, accessible and inclusive, museums foster diversity and sustainability. They operate and communicate ethically, professionally and with the participation of communities, offering varied experience for education, enjoyment, reflection and knowledge sharing”(ICOM, 2022).