以需求整合為基礎的需求反應式運輸服務車輛派遣模式

Demand Responsive Transit Services (DRTS) in Eastern Taiwan: From Demand Requests Consolidation toward Vehicles Dispatching

提供創新與優質的服務是公共運輸系統提升乘客使用意願的關鍵要件，尤其對偏鄉地區而言，傳統公共運輸服務頻率和利用率都較低。本研究運用數學模型建模，由需求整合、車輛派遣到服務路徑規劃，進行需求反應式公共運輸服務系統網路即時操作管理。第一個模型是統整乘客的起迄資訊，在彈性的路線規劃中進行需求整合。根據座位分配結果，再進行車輛派遣。對需求相對較低的服務區域內，以車輛途程問題規劃提供同時接、送乘客的運輸服務。最後以我國花蓮的偏鄉地區為研究個案，進行分析並協助系統營運者探討個案鄉鎮所需之最適服務量能與型態。

Providing a public transportation with innovative and quality service is critical to attract more passengers to the system, especially for those rural areas with low transit service frequencies and utilization rates. In this study, the proposed DRTS system is operated by both flexible routes (for certain time slots with relatively high demand) and virtual flexible routes (for those off-peak demand requests) services. Instead of arbitrarily dispatching service vehicles, this paper presents some optimization models devoted to managing real-time operations in demand responsive transit system (DRTS) networks, from demand consolidation, vehicles dispatching, and routing tasks. The study starts from consolidating demand requests occurred along the flexible routes, by integrating passengers' OD information. A second model determines which type of vehicles should be dispatched, based on the seat assignment results. In order to increase the DRTS service efficiency, a vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pick-up and drop-off requests is applied. Detailed analytical results of the case in Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C. are presented, to assist system operators determining the appropriate service capacity and pattern within the studied area.