文化版之中國模式？中國對文化影響力之建構

The Cultural Version of the China Model? China's Construction on Cultural Influence

本文以「文化影響力」之視角而非「軟實力」來看中國對外對其文化的建構與推動。面對「中國如何藉由政府主導的方式去推動自身的文化、建構中國的文化影響力？」之問題，本研究認為中國推動、建立文化影響力的方式與多數西方國家普遍由跨國企業、市場、媒體等民間非政府力量作為主導的發展方式並不同，而是由國家或政府作為主要角色，透過政策、官方的安排去建立中國文化的連結、傳播中國文化，彷如「文化版之中國模式」，本文從政策層面的規劃與頒布，如：文化「走出去」、每個五年期的「文化改革發展規劃」等，至實際面向的行動，包括：推行「中國文化節」活動、在各地設立「孔子學院」與「中國文化中心」等，去瞭解中國對「文化影響力」的建構過程，再輔以「孔子學院」的發展作為案例探討。最後，本文發現此種「文化版之中國模式」，由政策面至實際舉措上使中國在「文化影響力」的塑造與發展具有特殊性，但也因與普遍西方國家不同而招致質疑與批評；此外，從「孔子學院」的案例中得知，儘管外界對中國建構「文化影響力」的方式有所齟齬，但這並不意味中國的方式是失敗的，因就「孔子學院」的例子，還是有區域、國家及其當地民眾對「孔子學院」、漢語教學的需求是迫切的。

This article adopts the perspective of “cultural influence” rather than “soft power” to understand construction and promotion culture of China’s ways in the world. “How does China promote its culture and build cultural influence through an approach dominated by government?” With this question, the thesis argues that China’s ways promoting and developing its cultural influence are different from most Western countries, which create cultural influence through non governmental forces. For China, the connection and dissemination of Chinese culture are generally established with policies and official arrangements. In other words, the state and the government play core roles in the matters, and these ways are as such the “cultural version of the China model”. This article starts from the policy planning to understand the construction process of “cultural influence” in China, and uses the “Confucius Institutes” as a case study. Overall, the finding of this paper is that the “cultural version of the China model” makes establishment and development of China’s “cultural influence” unique in terms of policy planning and policy implementation. And from the case of the “Confucius Institute”, there are still people in many regions and countries who need the benefits from “Confucius Institutes” and Chinese teaching.