殖民、儒教與臺灣近代報刊──以《孔教報》小說為論述核心

Colonisation, Confucianism, and Modern Taiwanese Periodicals: Focussing on the Novels in KongJiaoBao

本文分五個部分討論《孔教報》小說。首先就日本殖民臺灣帶來的現代報刊，傳統文人面臨日本儒教的介入及同化宣傳與涵養國民性的任務，各階段不同文人所採取的策略不一，而在蘆溝橋事變爆發前一年，施梅樵以「保存傳統的文化」的心思創辦了《孔教報》。其次，略述《孔教報》的創刊及其作品內容概述，第三，就小說內容歸納統整其重點，諸如：宣揚守節保貞觀念，巧設騙局、坑蒙詐財，因果敘事的道德教化，夢與誌異及情緣敘述及反映世態炎涼等其他內容，為了避免過於充斥道德訓誡，亦有奇趣、奇聞軼事等內容。第四，討論《孔教報》為了大眾通俗化的考量，在轉載改寫之際，經常將較生澀文字改為平易通俗。有時因應篇幅長短，有時是迴避露骨之描寫。最後分析《孔教報》小說之出處，其中《昔柳摭談》、《夜譚隨錄》二書尤其值得探討。從《孔教報》所刊小說觀之，莫不顯現了儒家教化的文學觀，其中心主旨和創作意圖，大抵都指向裨益於社會教化，有利於世道人心；訴諸講善、勸懲和果報之教化觀點。在一定程度肩負了維繫漢文發展的功能，以及發揮了戰爭體制下穩定在地社會秩序的作用，此正說明了施梅樵對《孔教報》編輯的用心及維繫斯文、道德勸誡的初衷。

This article analyses five aspects of the novels in KongJiaoBao. In the first place, when modern newspapers and magazines were brought to Taiwan via Japanese colonisation, traditional Taiwanese literati of various generations, faced with the continuous intervention of Japanese Confucianist acculturation and the mission of cultivating civic virtues among the masses, adopted different strategies to cope with this situation. It is against this background that KongJiaoBao was established by Shi Mei-Qiao under the banner of “conserving traditional culture” a year before the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. Next, I will describe the first issue of KongJiaoBao as well as the contents of the literary works published therein. Thirdly, the themes portrayed by the novels are classified into various headings, such as the importance of chastity, fraud and scam, realisation of karma, dreams, miracles, and love stories, and finally the reflection of social reality. In order not to appear too moralising, the topics also covered anecdotes and other funny things. The fourth aspect concerns KongJiaoBao’s attempt at vernacularisation, where many cases of rewriting and reprinting showed vulgarisations of various difficult passages. Sometimes the modifications were made for the sake of word limit, or of avoiding narrations which are too near the bone. Finally, the origins of the novels in KongJiaoBao were analysed, among which XiLiuZhiTan and YeTanSuiLu are the most worthy of discussion. Judging from these materials, it is clear that a Confucianist literary worldview was ubiquitously expressed. This is no wonder as its main intention was to educate the society and improve its moral standards. It served the function of maintaining the development of Chinese literature, and on the other hand played the role of stabilising social order during the War. This reveals Shi Mei-Qiao’s tremendous moralist efforts that were made in editing KongJiaoBao.