兩岸防制人口販運法律規範之比較研究

A Comparison of Legal Norms between Taiwan and Mainland China on the Prevention of Human Trafficking

人口販運是全球性現象，由於嚴重侵害人權，國際早在二戰結束後就高度重視此問題，聯合國分別在1949年、1979年、1989年依序通過防制人口販運之國際公約。人口販運問題隨著全球化浪潮而更加惡化，出於利潤高的引誘下，各種跨國賣淫、勞動力引進、器官買賣等行為，遂成為國際社會最嚴重的犯罪類型之一。對此，2000年聯合國通過防制及處罰人口販運之議定書，受到全世界多數國家接受並依照議定書內容制定國家防制人口販運法律規範，臺灣身為國際社會的一份子，亦於2009年正式施行《人口販運防制法》，輔以其他法律規範，做為懲治人口販運之法律依據；中國大陸為了打擊自1978年改革開放後，拐賣人口之犯罪日益嚴重及拐賣人口犯罪集團增多等情事，陸續頒布相關防制規範並修訂《刑法》關於拐賣人口之規定，希望能遏止人口販運。本文使用文獻分析法及比較法，希冀透過兩岸防制人口販運之相關法律規範的介紹及比較，找出執法層面上是否有達到法規範之立法初衷，做為保障兩岸人民免受人口販運之荼毒的最後一道防線。

Human trafficking is a global phenomenon. Due to the severe human rights violations associated with these crimes, the global community has placed a high priority on addressing these issues since the end of the Second World War. The United Nations has repeatedly passed international conventions on human trafficking in 1949, 1979, and 1989. Human trafficking has worsened as the world has become more globalized. Motivated by the large profits that can be made, activities such as cross-border prostitution, labor importation, and organ trading have gradually become some of the most serious crimes plaguing the global community. In response, the United Nations passed the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons in 2000. Numerous countries around the world have accepted this Protocol, and have thus enacted national human trafficking prevention laws and regulations pursuant to the provisions of the Protocol. As part of the global community, Taiwan also officially enacted the Human Trafficking Prevention Act in 2009, supplementing other laws and regulations to act as a legal basis for punishing human trafficking. In order to combat the increasingly severe human trafficking crimes and growing numbers of human trafficking criminal organizations that have sprung up in the country after it opened up in its 1978 reforms, China has also gradually implemented laws and regulations to prevent human trafficking. It has also amended provisions in its Criminal Code related to human trafficking, hoping to curb this issue. This study adopts document analysis and comparison methods. In addition, by introducing and comparing the laws and regulations enacted in Taiwan and China to prevent human trafficking, this study attempts to assess whether these laws and regulations have achieved their original legislative intent at the law enforcement level, as this is the final line of defense protecting the citizens of both Taiwan and China from the scourge of human trafficking.