臺灣原住民建築遺產再現對漢族訪客的記憶召喚與意義

Memories and Meanings for Han Chinese Visitors from the Representations of Taiwan’s Aboriginal Architectural Heritage

臺灣原住民傳統建築在殖民化、現代化與文化同化的過程中幾乎被破壞殆盡，而被磚造與混凝土建築所取代。在八十年代，「九族文化村」與「臺灣原住民族文化園」兩個園區再現了臺灣原住民建築遺產。雖然這兩個園區並非建於真正的原住民遺產地點，其卻透過複製的傳統住屋與村落，傳達了臺灣原住民建築遺產的資訊。本研究針對漢族訪客，探討其對兩個園區的文化再現所產生的地方感、時間感、記憶與意義。基於訪談結果，本研究歸納與分析四類主要的遊客回應；第一類回應來自具有原住民部落參訪經驗的訪客，兩個園區的文化再現激發遊客產生一種足堪比較的地方感、體驗記憶與意義；第二類回應來自具有鄉間生活經驗的遊客，兩個園區的文化再現引發對鄉村生活的記憶與懷舊情愫；第三類回應來自以學習為參訪目的訪客，兩個園區的文化再現提供了解原住民建築文化的三維情境；第四類回應的訪客則藉由參訪的記憶，召喚出鮮明的個人化事件與經驗。本研究發現，對第一類與第三類遊客而言，其參訪與原住民建築遺產之間具有重要的意義與關聯性；而對另外兩類的訪客而言，其參訪產生的記憶與意義主要係源於他們各自的生活經驗與懷舊感。

The process of colonization, modernization and acculturation has led to the destruction of Taiwan’s Aboriginal traditional architecture which has been almost replaced by brick or reinforced concrete structures. During 1980s the Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village (FACV) and the Taiwan Indigenous Culture Park (TICP) were developed to represent Taiwan’s Aboriginal architectural heritage. Even though these two sites were not established on real Aboriginal heritage sites, the representations of the replicated villages and houses convey the information of Taiwan’s Aboriginal architectural heritage. Focusing on the Han Chinese visitors, this study explores how the visitors recall variant memories and generate meanings through the manifestation of sense of place and time upon the representations of the two sites. Based on the interview data, four patterns of visitors’ responses are attributed and analyzed. Firstly, the Han Chinese visitors who had the experience of visiting actual Aboriginal villages, the representations became comparable versions to what they perceived in actual Aboriginal villages. Secondly, based on the sense of nostalgia, the Han Chinese visitors recalled the memories of childhood life or the experiences of visits to countryside from perceiving the representations. Thirdly, for the Han Chinese visitors who visited the two sites for gathering information, the representations provided a three-dimensional milieu for understanding Aboriginal architectural culture. Fourthly, for certain individuals, the representations triggered them to remember specific events or persons from their life. The study findings show that, for the first pattern of visitors who had the experiences of visiting real Aboriginal villages, and the third pattern of visitors with educational purpose, the visit generated significant meanings and interrelationship with Taiwan’s Aboriginal architectural heritage. For the other two patterns of visitors, their memories recalled and meanings generated basically according to his or her own life experiences and sense of nostalgia.