醜小鴨也能變天鵝？工作自我效能對工作投入的影響：知識分享意願之調節效果

Can Ugly Duckling Become Swan? Influence of Job Self-efficacy on Work Engagement: Moderating Effect of Knowledge Sharing Willingness

本研究探討「知識分享意願」（knowledge sharing willingness）對工作自我效能與新人工作投入的調節效果。過去研究指出，工作自我效能是個人判斷自身能力可否完成工作任務的信念，可視為一種個體資源，缺乏此資源將會降低工作投入。多數企業會安排工作導師協助新進人員融入組織，而工作導師的「知識分享意願與新人是否能獲得知識、心理支持、對職業認同等工作資源有關，因此可能影響新進人員的工作自我效能與工作投入的關係。本研究假設新進人員的工作自我效能愈高，其工作投入愈高；具有知識分享意願的工作導師會使新人有愈高的工作投入；對工作自我效能較低的新進人員而言，工作導師的知識分享意願對其工作投入較有影響力。使用故事情境法發放問卷，共回收159 個有效樣本，採用雙因子變異數分析。研究結果發現：(1)工作自我效能與工作投入有正向關係；(2)知識分享意願與工作投入有正向關係；(3)對於工作自我效能低的新人，知識分享意願會強化工作自我效能與工作投入之正向關係。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of knowledge sharing willingness on job self-efficacy and work engagement. Previous studies pointed out that job self-efficacy is a standard of individual judgement. This is capable for newcomers to complete a task efficiently and can be regarded as an individual resource. The fact of lacking this resource could result newcomers in low engagement in work. Therefore, many enterprises arrange mentors to better assist newcomers to integrate into the organization. The willingness of a mentor to share his/her is a key factor for a newcomer to gain resources, such as knowledge, mental support and professional identity. This study assumes three perspectives: (a) The higher the job self-efficacy of newcomers is, the deeper they are engaged to work. (b) Mentors willing to share knowledge leads to high work engagement of newcomers. (c) Mentors' willingness to share knowledge could promote work involvement for newcomers with low job self-efficacy. A total of 159 valid samples were collected by using the scenario approach, and the two-way analysis of variance was applied. The results revealed that for newcomers with low job self-efficacy, knowledge sharing willingness will strengthen the positive relationship between job self-efficacy and work engagement. Therefore, we suggest organization to value and improve mentorship. By implementing mentorship system, the bonds could be strengthened between seniors and newcomers.