WTO之SPS協定基本原則、技術協助與運作機制   全文下載

The Basic Principles, Technical Assistance and Operational Mechanism of WTO SPS Agreement

我國身為世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization, WTO）會員國之一，於管制食品輸出入及促進貿易的同時，應履行會員義務，瞭解及符合WTO規範。WTO提供國際對話平台，建立多方管道，協助及促進各會員國，尤其是開發中與低度開發國家，瞭解並應用各貿易協定、參與WTO技術協助活動及運作機制，提升國家運用WTO規範之技術能力及促進貿易與經濟發展。WTO持續建置及改善遠距教學（E-learning）功能，鼓勵初階參與者優先透過E-learning，瞭解WTO及其原則與各協定之規範，對於農產品及食品貿易而言，主要為食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫措施協定（Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, SPS協定），其他相關者包括技術性貿易障礙協定（Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, TBT協定）、貿易便捷化協定（Trade Facilitation Agreement, TFA）、爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書（Understanding on rules and procedures governing the settlement of disputes, DSU）等。由於國際間農林漁牧產品及食品進出口貿易極為頻繁且重要，故各會員國主管農產品及食品安全人員認識SPS協定之重要性不可言喻，尤其是應熟悉SPS定之「不歧視」、「科學證據」、「最小貿易障礙」、「等效性」、「區域化」「透明化」、「管制、查核與核可程序」7大要素。除E-learning外，WTO亦不定期舉辦SPS協定之進階訓練課程、國家級研討會、專題研討會、區域研討會等，鼓勵進階參與者深入與WTO訓練機構及會員國探討、交流與熟練運用SPS協定，以促進會員國間自由貿易，減少貿易爭端，以及提升食品進出口管理國際調和。

As a World Trade Organization (WTO) member, Taiwan shall fulfill the membership obligation, understand and comply to the WTO regulations, while controlling the import and export of food and promote the trade at the same time. WTO provides the international dialogue platform and various channels, especially for the developing countries and least-developed countries, to assist and promote members to understand the regulations, trade agreements and operations of WTO, to enhance country’s technical capabilities to apply the WTO regulations, and facilitate the trade and economic development. WTO continuously establishes and improves distance learning (E-learning) functions and keeps encouraging the beginners to understand the regulations and principles of WTO. For the trade of agricultural products and food, the primary agreement is SPS Agreement. Other relevant agreements include TBT Agreement, TFA and DSU. In views of the prosperity and importance of international trades on agricultural, fishery, forestry and food products, it’s indescribable and important that the officials of competent authorities are responsible for agricultural and food safety to understand the SPS agreement and be familiar with the seven key elements, which include “non-discrimination,” “scientific justification,” “least trade restrictive SPS measure,” “equivalence,” “regionalization,” “transparency” and “control, inspection and approval procedure.” In additional to E-learning, WTO also organizes advanced training courses, national SPS seminars and regional SPS workshop irregularly. WTO encourages advanced participates to have in-depth discussion, exchange views and be proficient with WTO training institutions and members, to promote the free trade, to reduce trade disputes, and to enhance the international coordination of food import and export management.