「拂塵專案」與國民黨當局對二二八事件詮釋的學術轉向

“Fu Chen Project”and Academic Turn of Kuomintang’s Interpretation of 228 Incident

1983年國家安全局為了反制海外、中共及黨外的二二八論述，轉守為攻，規劃「拂塵專案」，嘗試以學術規格重新包裝二二八論述。本文利用國安局解密檔案，還原拂塵專案的啟動背景、執行架構與執行過程，藉以呈現文教專案的運作模式，分析拂塵專案所產出的二二八的歷史解釋。本文從情治檔案意外發現，賴澤涵、Ramon H. Myers（馬若孟）、魏萼合寫的全世界第一本二二八事件英文學術著作A Tragic Beginning: The Taiwan Uprising of February 28, 1947（《悲劇性的開端：臺灣二二八事變》）也與拂塵專案有關。本文前半指出國民黨當局並非透過滲透與操縱手段，而是以學術研究的手法與規格，試圖導引與約制二二八事件的歷史解釋。國安局對內利用既有的情治心戰系統編寫《拂去歷史明鏡中的塵埃》；對外透過可信任的學術人脈關係，展開與美國胡佛研究所馬若孟的合作關係。本文後半將指出《拂去歷史明鏡中的塵埃》、《悲劇性的開端》及行政院《二二八事件研究報告》這三本具有官方成分或背景的著作，關於事件背景、鎮壓過程及責任歸屬的解釋觀點之延續與轉變情形。

In order to counteract overseas, Chinese Communist Party, and non-party discourses on the 228 Incident, the National Security Bureau (NSC) shifted from defensive to offensive and initiated a project called“Fu Chen Project”in 1983. The project was an attempt to repackage the discourses on the 228 Incident in academic standards. This article uses the declassified files of the NSC to restore the background, implementation structure and process of the“Fu Chen Project.”Through this case, we can understand how the intelligence agency operated cultural and educational projects and analyze the historical interpretation of the 228 Incident produced by the“Fu Chen Project.”This author accidentally discovered from the intelligence files that the world’s first English academic book on the 228 Incident, A Tragic Beginning: The Taiwan Uprising of February 28, 1947, written by Lai Tse-han, Ramon H. Myers, and Wei Wou, is also related to the“Fu Chen Project.”The first half of this article points out that the Kuomintang authorities did not attempt to guide and control the historical interpretations of the 228 Incident by means of infiltration and manipulation, but by the methods and principles of academic research. Internally, the NSC used its established system of intelligence and psychological warfare to compile Fu-ch'üli-shih ming-ching chung te ch'ên-ai拂去歷史明鏡中的塵埃[Flicking the Dust off the Historical Mirror]; externally, through trusted academic connections, the NSC collaborated with Ramon H. Myers, Senior Fellow of Hoover Institution, to write a monograph on the 228 Incident in English. In the second half of this paper, the author discussed the continuity and change in historical interpretations regarding the background, the process of repression, and the investigation on responsibility of the 228 Incident in the three works with official backgrounds, namely, Fu-ch'üli-shih ming-ching chung te ch'ên-ai, A Tragic Beginning, and Research Report on the February 28 Incident.