傳統產業員工肌肉骨骼傷害危險因素之探討

Exploration of the Risk Factors of Ergonomic Hazards among Traditional Industry’s Employees

人因性危害所引起的肌肉骨骼傷害是值得重視與關注的議題。肌肉骨骼傷害不僅會影響員工身心健康，亦會影響職場的運作。本研究的目的，探討傳統產業員工肌肉骨骼傷害之危險因素。資料來源為北台灣某間以纖維及紡織製造、加工為主的傳統產業員工，採橫斷式研究設計。收集員工人口學資料、身體質量指數、身體活動及北歐肌肉骨骼傷害評估。以百分比、平均數、標準差、卡方檢定、獨立t檢定及邏輯斯迴歸分析資料。結果發現：112位研究對象71.4%為男性，57.1%為辦公室員工，平均年齡50.34歲(SD=10.40)，55.4%員工身體質量指數為過重或肥胖，64.3%坐的時間每天超過6小時，有55.4%疑似有危害(北歐肌肉骨骼傷害評估大於或等於3分)。最常見不舒服的部位，辦公室人員以頸部不適最多(45.3%)，現場人員以肩部不適最多(54.2%)。身體質量指數愈大(OR, 1.120; 95% CI, 1.001, 1.257)，以及現場人員(OR, 2.270; 95% CI, 1.045, 4.975)疑似有危害的風險較高。身體質量指數及不同工作場域可能影響職場肌肉骨骼傷害。未來職業衛生護理人員應協助員工維持正常身體質量指數及改善工作環境，以避免肌肉骨骼傷害。

Ergonomic Hazard caused musculoskeletal injury have received great attention in recent years. The musculoskeletal injury which affects the physical health and mental health of employees, also affects the operation of the workplace. The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors of musculoskeletal injury among traditional industry’s employees. This was a cross-sectional study, data collected from a traditional industry which mainly engaged in fiber and textile manufacturing in northern Taiwan. We collected data on demographic variables, body mass index, physical activity, and Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. To analyze the data, we used percentage, mean, standard deviation, χ2 test, independent t test, and logistic regression. The overall prevalence of possible musculoskeletal injury among 112 participants was 55.4% (Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire ≥ 3 scores), 71.4% was male, 57.1% was office staffs, average age was 50.34 years (SD = 10.40), 55.4% was overweight and obese, and 64.3% reported > 6 hours daily sitting time. The most common uncomfortable parts were neck discomfort (45.3%) in office staff and shoulder discomfort (54.2%) in field staff, respectively. The results of logistic regression showed, individuals having large body mass index (adjusted OR, 1.120; 95% CI, 1.001, 1.257), and on-site workers (OR, 2.270; 95% CI, 1.045, 4.975) had an increased possible musculoskeletal injury. Body mass index and different workplace may significantly affect the development of possible musculoskeletal injury in workplace. Occupational health nurses should assist employees to improve body weight and workplace environment to avoid musculoskeletal injury.