兒童急性呼吸道疾病的氣道清除治療

Airway Clearance Techniques for Acute Respiratory Disease in Children

兒童急性呼吸道感染(Acute Respiratory Infections, ARIs)時，症狀與成人會有許多的差異，主因是兒童氣道比成人窄小，呼吸系統尚未發育成熟，痰液會滯留氣道內，病童易呈現出呼吸喘、血氧下降、二氧化碳升高，嚴重者甚至插上氣管內管，使用呼吸器協助呼吸等情況。兒童急性呼吸道感染目前治療的方法有許多，其中氣道清除治療對於痰液的排除相當重要，這些氣道清除法包含胸腔物理治療、強迫呼氣技術、吐氣正壓、以及高頻胸廓壓縮等。然而，當急性呼吸道感染時，兒童與成人是否因生理結構不同，而造成氣道清除治療有差異？目前尚未定論，且針對兒童急性呼吸道疾病時的氣道清除治療，最佳的項目，目前也尚未釐清，因此，本文將藉由文獻回顧，進一步的探討兒童急性呼吸道疾病氣道清除的相關治療及進展，包括生理機轉的差異性，氣道清除治療相關的技術及相關研究之進展。藉此期望此文能做為兒童急性呼吸道疾病氣道清除臨床治療之參考。

Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in children are different from those in adults. The main reason is that children's airways are noxygen saturationarrower than adults, and the respiratory system is immature, so that sputum will remain in the airway. Sick children are prone to shortness of breath, decreased oxygen saturation increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and in severe cases, even inserting an endotracheal tube and using a ventilator to assist breathing. At present, Airway Clearance Techniques (ACT) are often used in clinical practice to help patients remove sputum. However, are children different from adults? Therefore, this article will discuss the progress of the airway clearance techniques of acute respiratory diseases in children by reviewing the literature, including differences in physiology, technologies related to airway clearance and related research progress. It is hoped that this article can be used as a reference for clinical treatment of airway clearance in children with acute respiratory diseases.