我國綠色產品認證標識法律制度的路徑探析

On the Construction of the Legal System of China’s Green Production Certification

我國綠色產品認證標識制度框架已初步形成。作為一項法律制度，綠色產品標識及認證中形成了兩組法律關係：一是就產品認可認證，在行政主體、認證機構與申請人之間構成公私混合的規制關係；二是就綠色產品標識授權使用，在上述法律關係主體間構成的商業許可關係。兩組法律關係的搭建，形成了我國綠色產品認證標識制度的基本格局。制度的具體完善路徑是將現行同類環保產品認證標識納入綠色產品標識與綠色屬性產品標識的二元框架內，或吸收，或拆解，或由市場逐步淘汰，最終形成統一的綠色產品認證標識體系。在制度構建過程中，對協力廠商認證機構的規製成為制度有效運行的關鍵。參考域外經驗，我國應當通過強化認證機構的獨立性，平衡認證機構與申請人之間的制約關係，以及通過加強行政監管與社會監督，防止認證權力尋租，充分發揮綠色產品認證標識制度的實踐效果。

The framework of China green product certification has already been set up. As a legal system, there are two legal relationships in green product certification: firstly, as far as product accreditation and certification, a mixed public-private relationship of social regulation is formed among the administrative body, the certification body and the applicant; secondly, in terms of authorized use of green product, the commercial licensing relationship has been formed between the subjects of the abovementioned legal relations. The establishment of two sets of legal relations has formed the basic pattern of green product attestation in China. The concrete path of institution construction is to bring certification mark for current environmental protection products of the same kind into the dual framework of green product and green attribute product identification, then finally forms the unified green product certification system, either by means of absorbing, disassembling, or phasing out by the market. Regulation of third-party certification bodies is the key to the effective operation of the system in the process of institution-building. Referring to foreign experience, the independence of certification bodies should be strengthened in order to balance restrictive relationship with the applicant. Administrative supervision and social supervision should be strengthened in order to to achieve prevention of corruption by certification authority.