衛生福利部預防及延緩失能照護指導員自我效能與成就動機相關性研究

A Study on Self-Efficacy and Achievement Motivation of Preventive and Delayed Disability Care Instructors Based on Ministry of Health and Welfare

我國於2017年推出長期照顧十年計畫2.0，並規劃預防及延緩失能照護計畫，以衰弱老人及輕、中度失智失能者為主要服務對象，建立以「熟悉社區、附近社區」為基礎之照護服務體系，由具資格的指導員依社區需要提供不同活動方案，使得長者身心活化並延緩失能，然而指導員在帶領態度、信心表現及活動計畫需求度都會影響長輩參與度，因此本研究目的以衛生福利部預防及延緩失能照護指導員為研究對象，探討指導員之自我效能與成就動機相關性。本研究結果發現，一、指導員以以女性居多。二、上班族指導員在自我效能之「情緒與生理的影響」高於職業為學生及長照從業人員，且有顯著差異。三、不同年齡層的指導員在自我效能的差異分析發現，30-39歲的指導員在「親歷成敗經驗」、「替代性經驗」高於50-59歲的指導員；而60歲（含）以上的指導員在「情緒與生理的影響」高於20-29歲及40-49歲的指導員，並具有顯著差異。四、指導員自我效能之「親歷成敗經驗」、「替代性經驗」、「言語說服」和「情緒與生理的影響」會影響「成就需求」、「權力需求」和「親和需求」成就動機因素。其中以「親歷成敗經驗」及「成就需求」的影響最大，表示當指導員自我效能愈高時則成就動機也越高，指導員透過通過自己的親歷的成敗經驗能夠帶來高的成就動機。

In 2017, China launched the Long Term Care Decade Plan 2.0 and planned the Prevention and Delay of Disability Care Program, which focuses on the frail elderly and people with mild to moderate dementia as the main service targets. However, the mentors' leadership attitudes, confidence performance and demand for activity programmes affect the participation of the elders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the self-efficacy and motivation of the mentors in relation to the prevention and delay of disability by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The results of this study revealed that, firstly, the majority of the instructors were female. The ＂emotional and physical effects＂ of self-efficacy were higher among working instructors than among students and long-term care practitioners, and there were significant differences. The analysis of the differences in self-efficacy among instructors of different ages revealed that instructors aged 30-39 had higher levels of ＂personal experience＂ and ＂alternative experience＂ than instructors aged 50-59, while instructors aged 60 and above had higher levels of ＂emotional and physical influence＂ than instructors aged 20-29 and 40-49, with significant differences. 4. The 'Experiences of Success and Failure', 'Alternative Experiences', 'Verbal Persuasion' and 'Emotional and Physical Influences' of mentor self-efficacy influence the 'Need for Achievement', 'Need for Power' and 'Need for Rapport' motivational factors. Of these, the greatest influence is exerted by 'personal experience of success or failure' and 'need for achievement', indicating that the higher the mentor's self-efficacy, the higher the motivation for achievement.