從詠史到懷古：論南朝祠廟詩的書寫發展與南方經驗

From Poetry on History Themes to Poetry Cherishing the Past: Discussion on the Literary Development and Reflection of Southern Experience of Shrine Poetry in the Southern Dynasties

祠廟與詩的結合，在南朝首見端倪。祠廟供奉歷史人物與地方神祇，性質異於佛教寺廟，祠廟詩寫作也與遊寺詩偏重佛理體悟的風格大相徑庭。祠廟詩在南朝時期逐步摸索成形，從偏重詠史、文學集團同題共作，到融會《楚辭》作為書寫祭祀儀式的文學基底、添入更多詩人主體意識之彰顯。而祠廟所在地域與士人之移動經驗，直接影響觀看祠廟之態度與角度，詩人對於祠廟祀主的書寫與選題，也間接反映先秦兩漢歷史人物在南朝時期的接受與評價。本文以南朝士人遊覽祠廟的詩歌書寫作為考察對象，透過祠廟此一空間因素，探討詠史、懷古、祭祀儀式、風景摹寫與個人抒情，如何於祠廟詩創作融會一體，進而下開唐代文人登臨祠廟、作詩懷古之風氣。

Shrine poetry can be traced back to the Southern Dynasties. Shrines worship historical figures and local deities, shrine poetry is therefore inherently different from Buddhist temple-visit poetry, which emphasizes more on the reflection on Buddhist philosophy. The writing style of shrine poetry developed gradually during the Southern Dynasties, from focusing on historical themes, joint creation of poems on the same topics by literary groups, to incorporating Chu Ci verses as the literary foundation for writing on sacrificial rituals, enhancing the expression of poets’ subjective consciousness. The location of shrines and visiting experience directly affected literati’s attitudes and perspectives toward shrines. On the other hand, their writing on the deities or historical figures being worshipped at shrines and selection of topics indirectly reflected how historical figures in the pre-Qin and the Han dynasties were accepted and appraised during the Southern Dynasties. This thesis studies literati’s shrine poetry in the Southern Dynasties and analyzes, from the spacial dimension, how history themes, cherished memories of the past, sacrificial rituals, landscape writing and individual lyrical expression were integrated to create shrine poetry, which further brought about the trend of visiting shrines and writing poetry on history themes among intellectuals in the Tang Dynasty.