行動設備使用者介面設計之時間知覺誤差與等待體驗研究

A Study on the Errors in Time Perception and Waiting Experiences of User Interface Design for Mobile Devices

對於行動設備的使用者來說，當使用行動應用軟體的頻率愈來愈高時，在介面中遇到等待狀態可能會帶來愈多負面的感受。同時不適當的介面設計可能使得等待狀態的體驗亦是消極的，最終導致使用者對應用軟體的評價不佳，甚至停止使用此軟體。本研究旨在探討線上影片應用軟體的介面設計與等待體驗之間的關係，研究的變項為等待狀態顯示設計與等待時間，探討變項對於使用者時間知覺誤差、速度知覺、注意力與滿意度等方面的影響。研究的進行是採用受試者間（between-subjects）實驗設計，所蒐集資料採雙因子變異數分析（two-way ANOVA），透過立意抽樣的方法共招募72位受試者參與實驗。實驗結果發現：（1）在等待狀態下，如卡通熊型等較複雜的介面顯示設計會增加受試者的時間知覺誤差，而產生比實質時間更長的時間知覺；（2）受試者在5秒等待狀態下產生的時間知覺比實質時間更長，而在15秒等待狀態下產生的時間知覺則比實質時間更短；（3）受試者對於卡通長條型的顯示設計在速度知覺、注意力和滿意度等方面都表現出比長條型和卡通熊型為更正向的等待體驗；（4）受試者的時間知覺誤差、速度知覺、注意力及滿意度之間的關係，很容易受到等待狀態顯示設計的影響，例如在較複雜的顯示設計之下，較短的等待時間反而會使受試者產生比實質時間更長的時間知覺與負面的等待體驗。本研究成果可作為行動設備上等待狀態顯示設計實務上的參考依據。

For mobile device users, encountering a waiting time in using interfaces may create negative experiences, especially when the usage of mobile applications becomes more pervasive. Additionally, an improper user interface design will lead to more negative impressions, poor ratings, and even end up in stop using the application. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between waiting experiences and the user interface designs of online video mobile applications. The variables studied here were waiting status interface design and the length of waiting time, aiming to investigate the effects of these two variables on the errors in time perception, speed perception, attention, and satisfaction of the users. The study adopted a between-subjects experimental design, and two-way ANOVA was conducted on the collected data. A total of 72 subjects were recruited to participate in the experiment through purposive sampling. The generated results show that: (1) Under a waiting status, more complicated interface designs such as the cartoon bar type tend to increase the errors in time perception of the subjects, which leads to longer time perception than reality; (2) subjects perceived a longer time under 5 seconds of waiting time and a shorter perceived time under 15 seconds of waiting time; (3) subjects showed more positive waiting experiences in terms of speed perception, attention and satisfaction toward the interface design of canonized long bar; (4) the relationships between the errors in time perception, speed perception, attention, and satisfaction were affected by different interface designs of waiting status, e.g. in the case of a rather complicated interface design, even shorter waiting time can be perceived as longer by subjects and thus resulted in a negative waiting experience. The result of this study can be used as a reference for the guideline of designing interfaces of waiting status for mobile devices.