冷戰時期跨國非共策略與美國文化宣傳：論泰國的亞洲基金會（1954-1963）

Transnational Non-Communist Strategies and American Cultural Propaganda in the Cold War Period: On Asia Foundation in Thailand (1954-1963)

本研究從「鑲嵌自主性」角度，探究冷戰時期泰國的亞洲基金會採取非共策略，透過書籍計畫與泰國佛教組織進行跨地域文化傳播。本文使用多重史料，探討美國權力從「群島」到「半島」具體變化及其意涵。首先，美國在泰國的宣傳體制，集合跨國反共主義和資本主義的國家私營網絡，並呈顯經濟理性思維。其次，亞洲基金會作為跨國資本，與泰國佛教組織鑲嵌共構，扮演助產者與培育者角色，並在其中展現鑲嵌自主性。最後，亞洲基金會仰賴美國人類學家的田野調查，給予泰國比丘「非共新知識」訓練，企圖讓泰國佛教成為反共的凝聚力量。

From the perspective of “embedded autonomy,” this research explores non-communist strategy, generally, and, in particular, a book program employed by the Asia Foundation in Thailand during the Cold War to disseminate cross-regional cultural works via Thai Buddhist organizations. This article uses multiple historical materials, such as the National Archives of the United States, the Hoover Archives of Stanford University, and the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to examine specific changes in American power from island nations in Southeast Asia to Thailand, and the implications behind the changes in power. The study finds the following. First, the US propaganda institution in Thailand was a state-private network that integrated transnational anticommunism and capitalism. Second, using multinational capital, the Asia Foundation was enmeshed with Thai Buddhist organizations, played midwife and husbandry roles, and thereby demonstrated embedded autonomy in their program. Finally, the Asia Foundation relied on fieldwork by American anthropologists to give Thai bhikkhus “new knowledge of non-communism” in an attempt to make Thai Buddhism a cohesive force against communism.