土地產權法作為越南社會經濟發展之動力

Land Property Law as Motive Factor of Economic and Social Development: Vietnam Experience

土地使用權乃越南社會主義國家之立法者所創建的法制，可以調節國家與私人在土地占有使用收益方面之利益。最初，土地公有制被認為是社會主義資產所有制底下不可撼動的礎石，是作為社會主義經濟體系發展之基本要件。抑且，承認私人擁有土地使用權，也僅是為了便利渠等使用依附於土地與動產上之私有產權的目的。惟陳義過高的土地公有制促成了自1986年底開始之全球經濟體系的改革，從而應改善私人在土地方面之權利狀態。考量到越南將土地公有制看作是不可變更的前提，彼邦立法者在過去數十年一直費心致力於尋找得以和諧調節涉及土地各種利益之最佳解決方案。就國家政策與立法而言，這些努力聚焦在兩個關鍵問題上：確定私人在土地上之權能（確定土地使用權之內容）和徵收條件（取消土地使用權）。

Land use right is held to be a legal institution created by the Vietnamese socialist lawmaker and which might allow to harmonize the interest of the State and that of private person concerning the occupation and the exploitation of land. At the beginning, public ownership of land was expected to be the hard core of the socialist ownership of assets which was considered as the basic condition of development of the socialist economic system; the land use right was by the way acknowledged to private person only for the purpose of facilitating the exploitation of private property including assets attached to land and chattels. The failure of the exorbitant economic policy led the way to the global renovation of the economic system performed since the end of 1986. By way of consequence, private person's rights on land has to be improved. Considering the public ownership of land as the absolute postulate, the Vietnamese lawmaker has been doing remarkable efforts for decades in order to find the best solution of the problem of harmonization of different interests on land. In terms of making State policy and legislation, these efforts are focused on theses two key issues: determination of private person's prerogatives on land (definition of the content of land use right) and conditions of expropriation (cancellation of land use right).