蒙古國2020年國家大呼拉爾選舉：選制改變之影響

The Impact of the Changes in the Electoral System on Mongolia’s Parliamentary Elections in 2020

蒙古為半總統制國家，每4年舉行一次國家大呼拉爾（Улсын Их Хурал, State Great Hural）選舉。第八屆國家大呼拉爾選舉於2020年6月24日在疫情下照常舉行，共有76席，總計13個政黨、4個政黨聯盟和121名獨立候選人獲得參選資格。國家大呼拉爾選舉除選出委員外亦將選出蒙古新一任新總理，同時國家大呼拉爾有權可解除總理職務或是否決總統提案。故在總統選舉之外，國家大呼拉爾選舉亦對蒙古政壇與政策走向有相當影響。
在疫情影響下，蒙古如何進行國家大呼拉爾大選以及選舉結果是否影響國內政局為本研究關注焦點之一，另外，蒙古自1992年發布新憲法後建立現行之選舉制度，並歷經數次調整，而本次選舉採用何種選制以及選制是否影響選舉結果，為本研究主要研究方向。尤其，本次選舉採用之選制是否有利於執政黨之勝選，為本研究研究問題。研究結果發現當前選舉制度對執政黨之勝選雖有一定程度之影響，然執政成果、政黨及候選人形象以及政黨之整合為更重要之因素。

As a semi-presidential country, Mongolia holds elections for the State Great Hural every four years. Despite the pandemic, the 8th Parliamentary (State Great Hural) Election was still held on June 24, 2020, The Hural has a total of 76 seats, with a total of 13 political parties and 4 coalitions registering their candidates. A total of 606 candidates, including 121 independent candidates, were nominated. The Parliamentary Elections also elected a new Prime Minister of Mongolia. Since the State Great Hural has the right to dismiss the Prime Minister or veto presidential proposals, Parliamentary Elections have a considerable impact on Mongolia's politics and policies.
This research will mainly discuss these two situations: first, how Mongolia held the election and whether the result changed the domestic politics in Mongolia. Second, what kind of election system is applied and its influence on the election. Finally, the main question of the research asks if the election system applied this time brought more benefits to the ruling party. The case study of this research finds that: in addition to the election system, the achievements of the ruling party, the image of political parties and candidates, and the integration of parties do influence the election more than before.