兒少表意權在安置機構的實踐與挑戰

The Right of the Child to Be Heard': The Experience and Challenges in a Residential Care Facility

本研究主要目的在探討安置機構兒少表意權之實踐與挑戰，選取北部某家中長期兒少安置機構為研究對象，深入探討其運作及困境。運用深度訪談法選取6位工作員及7位安置兒少，研究結果以三種情境（外出申請、手機使用、活動參與）為例，歸納落實兒少表意權之執行原則包括：傾聽尊重、主動溝通、增強權能、個別化、團隊共識等。執行行動包含：（1）增加違規處理方式，提升負責能力；（2）透過討論對話，尋求家規合理調整；（3）設計多元參與機制，修訂家規政策；（4）共同討論生活議題，朝向平權關係；（5）提供多項選擇，增加自主決策；（6）協助兒少與關鍵成人反映意見。最後，研究建議：（1）定期規劃兒少表意主題之督導與培力；（2）調整照顧者及兒少間的關係與溝通；（3）創造以兒少為主體之對話空間；（4）辨識造成權利落實的侷限因素。

The purpose of this study was to explore the practice and challenges of 'The Right of the Child to Be Heard' in children residential care. The in-depth interview method was conducted with 6 care givers and 7 adolescents from a residential care facility. The research results applied to three situations: application for going out, mobile phone use, and activity participation. The principles of 'the Right of Child to be Heard' were summarized, including: listening and respecting, active communication, empowerment, individualization, and team consensus. In addition, the practical actions include: (1) enhancing children's ability to deal with violations by different methods; (2) seeking reasonable adjustments to the family rules via discussion and dialogue; (3) designing multiple participation mechanisms to adjust the family rules; (4) discussing the issues of daily living; (5) providing different choices to increase the opportunities of decision-making; (6) enhancing children to reflect their opinions to key person. Based on these finding, suggestions for future practice include: (1) planning a regular supervision and training system to create a friendly space for dialogue; (2) continuing to adjust the relationship and communication between caregivers and children; (3) creating a child-based dialogue space; (4) identifying the factors that may limit the implementation of rights.