區塊鏈司法存證的應用及其規制

Application and Regulation of Electronic Evidence Preservation on Blockchain in the Judicial Field

區塊鏈司法存證已經在我國司法實踐中得以有效運用。從規範層面來看，電子資料的證據保全創新是區塊鏈存證的本質；從事實層面來看，區塊鏈存證主要解決的是電子資料的推定真實性。區塊鏈存證的公有鏈模式和私有鏈模式都存在缺陷，聯盟鏈模式逐漸成為主流。區塊鏈司法存證的運用尚不能完全解決信任問題，對最佳證據規則、傳聞證據規則等證據規則有直接影響，亦對刑事辯護提出了挑戰。法律規制的重點是需要保障上鏈前電子資料的原始性和應用區塊鏈技術提取電子資料的程式合法性，避免區塊鏈特性可能帶來的不利影響及解決區塊鏈存證中的鑒真等問題。

Applying blockchain technology to preserve electronic evidence has worked efficiently in judicial practice. The application of blockchain implies the innovation of evidence preservation, which focuses on the presumed authenticity of electronic evidence. Both the public-owned model and the privateowned model of evidence preservation on blockchain have certain defects. The public-private-partner model is becoming mainstream. However, the application of blockchain to evidence preservation has not fully solve the problem of trust. It directly impacts on the best evidence rule and the hearsay rule, and significantly challenged criminal defense. Aiming at preventing the adverse effect concerning blockchain’s properties, and addressing the issues of authenticity, it is recommended to guarantee the integrity of evidence before storing it on blockchain, and the procedural legitimacy of evidence when obtaining it from blockchain.