環境權在我國環境法典中的證成與展開

The Justification and Development of Right to Environment in China’s Environmental Code

當代中國環境法正處於從第二代環境法向第三代環境法的過渡時期。第三代環境法形神兼備，法典化是其“形”，以環境權為核心的公眾環境權利是其“神”。我國環境法典的編纂應當回應人民優美生態環境的需要，構建一個“一體兩翼”的環境權體系，即在確認一般環境權（適宜／良好環境權）的基礎之上，對應環境保護中的污染防治和自然保護兩大板塊，規定健康環境權和自然享有權這兩種類型的環境權。環境法典中關於環境權的本體性規定、保障性規定和救濟性規定的三元格局設計，將有助於加強環境法的實施和國家環保義務之履行，推動我國真正邁向並且實現“美麗中國”和“環境法治”的目標。

Contemporary Chinese environmental law is in the transition period from the second generation of environmental law to the third generation of environmental law. The third generation environmental law has both form and spirit. Codification is its “form”, and public environmental rights with right to environment as its core are its “spirit”. The compilation of China’ s environmental code should respond to the people’s needs for a beautiful ecological environment, and build a “one body with two wings” system of right to environment. That is, on the basis of confirming general right to environment, stipulate two types of right to environment, namely, the right to a healthy environment and the right to enjoy nature, corresponding to the two major sections of prevention and protection of pollution and nature protection. The design of the three-dimensional pattern of structure on the provisions of ontology, safeguard and relief of right to environment in the Environmental Code, will help strengthen the implementation of environmental laws and the fulfillment of state obligations, and promote China to truly move towards and realize the goals of “beautiful China” and “environmental rule of law”.